A Robust and Effective Smart-Card-Based Remote User Authentication Mechanism Using Hash Function

Table 4

Comparison of communication overhead between our scheme and other related schemes during the login and authentication phases.

Scheme	Total number of messages required	Total number of bits required
Lee and Liu [13]	3	1504
Das and Bruhadeshwar [14]	3	1664
Sonwanshi et al. [3]	2	704
Jiang et al. [15]	3	1944
Ours	3	1184