Safety Identifying of Integral Abutment Bridges under Seismic and Thermal Loads

Table 3

Earthquake load related statistics.

Variable		Bias	COV	Distribution type	Reference
Earthquake modeling factor,		1.0	20%	Normal	[15]
Spectrum modeling factor,	San Francisco	1.0	15%	Normal	[12]
	Seattle		25%
	Memphis		25%
	New York		30%
	St. Paul		40%
75-year PGA,	San Francisco	from Figure 1	from Figure 1	from Figure 1	[16]
	Seattle
	Memphis
	New York
	St. Paul
Period modeling factor,		0.9	20%	Normal	[17]
Weight,		1.05	5%	Normal	[15]