Nature Inspired Computational Technique for the Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Singular Boundary Value Problems Arising in Physiology

Table 5

Comparison of maximum absolute error for Example 1 between the proposed method and the methods given in [13, 14].

Proposed method	Method in [13]; Approach I	Method in [13]; Approach II	B-spline method [14]
3.13𝐸−5 ( GA)	1.05𝐸−5 (𝑁=5)	3.22𝐸−5 (𝑁=5)	3.16𝐸−5 (ℎ=1/20)
2.92𝐸−5 (IPA)	1.05𝐸−5 (𝑁=10)	8.06𝐸−6 (𝑁=10)	7.87𝐸−6 (ℎ=1/40)
2.37𝐸−6 (ASA)	1.05𝐸−5 (𝑁=20)	2.00𝐸−6 (𝑁=20)	3.50𝐸−6 (ℎ=1/60)
3.99𝐸−6 (GA-IPA)			1.55𝐸−6 (ℎ=1/90)
2.13𝐸−6 (GA-ASA)			4.97𝐸−7 (ℎ=1/161)