Antimicrobial Resistance Trends among Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Greece, 2009–2012

Table 5

Trends in antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates.

(a) Haemophilus influenza

Antimicrobial agent	2009; 𝑛=79; resistant	2010; 𝑛=51; resistant	2011; 𝑛=61; resistant	2012; 𝑛=69; resistant	2009-10 (A); 𝑛=130; resistant	2011-12 (B); 𝑛=130; resistant	𝑃 value; A versus B
Ampicillin	11 (13.9%)	5 (9.8%)	10 (16.4%)	10 (14.5%)	16 (12.3%)	20 (15.4%)	0.59
Amoxicillin + CA	0 (0%)	1 (2%)	0 (0%)	1 (0.7%)	1 (1.4%)	1 (1.4%)	1.00
Clarithromycin	25 (31.6%)	15 (29.4%)	17 (27.9%)	21 (30.4%)	40 (30.8%)	38 (29.2%)	0.89
Chloramphenicol	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Tetracycline	6 (7.6%)	4 (7.8%)	5 (8.2%)	6 (8.7%)	10 (7.7%)	11 (8.5%)	1.00
Cotrimoxazole	18 (22.8%)	15 (29.4%)	19 (31.1%)	19 (27.5%)	33 (25.4%)	38 (29.2%)	0.57
Ciprofloxacin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Ofloxacin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Moxifloxacin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA

CA: clavulanic acid; NA: not applicable.

(b) Moraxella catarrhalis

Antimicrobial agent	2009; 𝑛=20; resistant	2010; 𝑛=13; resistant	2011; 𝑛=18; resistant	2012; 𝑛=16; resistant	2009-10 (A); 𝑛=33; resistant	2011-12 (B); 𝑛=34; resistant	𝑃 value; A versus B
Amοxicillin	8 (40%)	8 (61.5%)	8 (44.4%)	8 (50%)	16 (48.5%)	16 (47%)	1.00
Amoxicillin + CA	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	3 (18.7%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Chloramphenicol	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Tetracycline	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (6.3%)	0 (%)	1 (2.9%)	1.00
Clarithromycin	7 (35%)	5 (38.5%)	4 (22.2%)	6 (37.5%)	12 (36.4%)	10 (29.4%)	0.60
Cotrimoxazole	6 (30%)	2 (15.4%)	5 (27.8%)	6 (37.5%)	8 (24.2%)	11 (32.3%)	0.59
Rifampicin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Ciprofloxacin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA
Moxifloxacin	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	NA

CA: clavulanic acid; NA: not applicable.