The Scientific World Journal

Research Article

Analysis of Differences in the Degree of Biomechanical Adaptation according to Habituation to Different Heel Heights

Table 3

Comparison of muscle activation according to habituation to different heel heights.


Variables			Group A^a	Group B^b	Group C^c	F/p	ES^§	Post hoc

Muscle activation	TA	RMS EMG (μV)	6.07 ± 3.22^†	8.20 ± 4.76	7.04 ± 3.23	1.431/0.249	0.45
	TA	Maximum peak EMG (μV)	329.84 ± 146.42	384.50 ± 189.32	339.76 ± 169.95	0.523/0.596	1.81
	RF	RMS EMG (μV)	8.10 ± 7.02	4.31 ± 2.89	6.87 ± 5.65	2.163/0.1260.69	0.69
	RF	Maximum peak EMG (μV)	260.80 ± 182.39	144.28 ± 61.45	274.99 ± 189.85	3.583/0.035	4.79	C > A > B (Dunnett T3)
	GM	RMS EMG (μV)	9.96 ± 3.21	14.98 ± 11.64	7.19 ± 4.99	4.824/0.012	1.23	B > A > C (Dunnett T3)
	GM	Maximum peak EMG (μV)	487.79 ± 194.26	197.95 ± 43.08	324.94 ± 130.18	19.424/0.000	10.73	A > C > B (Dunnett T3)
	GL	RMS EMG (μV)	5.66 ± 3.97	9.01 ± 4.23	6.38 ± 2.82	3.925/0.026	0.74	B > C > A (Dunnett T3)
	GL	Maximum peak EMG (μV)	286.89 ± 207.10	406.34 ± 233.44	327.06 ± 141.82	1.667/0.199	3.54
	BF	RMS EMG (μV)	2.69 ± 1.74	4.92 ± 6.95	3.70 ± 2.24	1.234/0.300	0.48
	BF	Maximum peak EMG (μV)	148.56 ± 88.33	108.28 ± 31.39	202.81 ± 100.61	6.014/0.005	4.46	C > A > B (Dunnett T3)
	ES	RMS EMG (μV)	2.98 ± 0.73	5.89 ± 2.99	3.54 ± 2.00	9.617/0.000	0.90	B > C > A (Dunnett T3)
	ES	Maximum peak EMG (μV)	156.26 ± 38.95	288.26 ± 158.82	193.01 ± 92.77	7.206/0.002	5.60	B > C > A (Dunnett T3)

%MVIC	TA	Plantar flexion	2.98 ± 1.27^†	2.94 ± 0.35	4.39 ± 2.93	3.507/0.038	0.55	C > A > B (Dunnett T3)
	TA	Dorsiflexion	0.56 ± 0.48	0.82 ± 0.65	0.96 ± 5.20	1.450/0.003	0.12	C > B > A (Dunnett T3)
	GM	Plantar flexion	12.57 ± 10.49	4.15 ± 2.62	6.92 ± 4.80	6.620/0.310	1.44
	GM	Dorsiflexion	2.90 ± 2.11	5.90 ± 4.50	4.06 ± 0.99	3.654/0.244	0.77
	GL	Plantar flexion	2.86 ± 1.18	4.39 ± 3.15	4.27 ± 3.09	1.198/0.033	0.45	B > C > A (Dunnett T3)
	GL	Dorsiflexion	6.52 ± 4.63	8.07 ± 4.89	7.16 ± 4.90	0.471/0.627	0.29

and . ^†Mean ± SD. ^§Effect size. ^aOver 12 months, 4 times a week, and over 6 cm heeled shoes group. ^bOver 12 months, 4 times a week, and 4-5 cm heeled shoes group. ^cOver 12 months, 4 times a week, and below 3 cm heeled shoes group. TA, tibialis anterior; RF, rectus femoris; GM, medial gastrocnemius; GL, lateral gastrocnemius; BF, biceps femoris; ES, thoracic erector spinae.