Analysis of Differences in the Degree of Biomechanical Adaptation according to Habituation to Different Heel Heights
Table 4
Comparison of muscle tone (F), stiffness (S), and elasticity (D) according to habituation to different heel heights.
Variables
Group Aa
Group Bb
Group Cc
F/p
ES§
Post hoc
TA
F (Hz)
19.07 ± 1.00†
17.52 ± 1.44
19.34 ± 1.99
7.209/0.002
0.65
C > A > B (Dunnett T3)
S (N/m)
385.26 ± 24.56
367.29 ± 55.48
411.83 ± 67.11
3.292/.045
2.58
C > A > B (Dunnett T3)
D
1.24 ± 0.17
1.23 ± 0.23
1.15 ± 0.19
1.186/0.314
0.09
RF
F (Hz)
14.52 ± 1.13
13.35 ± 0.44
14.13 ± 0.91
7.982/0.001
0.52
A > C > B (Dunnett T3)
S (N/m)
232.95 ± 30.94
216.76 ± 11.80
226.78 ± 23.91
2.076/0.136
1.41
D
1.20 ± 0.22
1.28 ± 0.14
1.20 ± 0.26
0.832/0.441
0.08
GM
F (Hz)
16.15 ± 1.67
14.71 ± 1.50
15.37 ± 1.54
3.756/0.030
0.47
A > C > B (Dunnett T3)
S (N/m)
262.79 ± 35.64
238.82 ± 33.46
262.50 ± 31.17
2.943/0.062
1.91
D
1.40 ± 0.21
1.48 ± 0.09
1.40 ± 0.15
1.390/0.258
0.10
BF
F (Hz)
13.82 ± 1.77
13.60 ± 1.22
14.40 ± 0.87
1.672/0.198
0.30
S (N/m)
207.32 ± 41.09
227.47 ± 26.41
221.06 ± 23.36
1.936/0.155
1.54
D
1.03 ± 0.15
1.22 ± 0.08
1.08 ± 0.23
6.086/0.004
0.20
B > C > A (Dunnett T3)
and .†Mean ± SD. §Effect size. aOver 12 months, 4 times a week, and over 6 cm heeled shoes group. bOver 12 months, 4 times a week, and 4-5 cm heeled shoes group. cOver 12 months, 4 times a week, and below 3 cm heeled shoes group. TA, tibialis anterior; RF, rectus femoris; GM, medial gastrocnemius; BF, biceps femoris.
