Change-Point Analysis: An Effective Technique for Detecting Abrupt Change in the Homicide Trends in a Democratic South Africa

Table 10

Occurrence of the potential abrupt shift.

Province	Year range	Shift
KwaZulu-Natal	2011	Upward
Mpumalanga	2011, 2012	Downward
Northern Cape	No significant changes	None
Limpopo	No significant changes	None
North West	No significant changes	None
Gauteng	2009–2012	Downward
Eastern Cape	2008–2012	Downward
Free State	2009-2010	Upward
Western Cape	2011–2013	Upward