Short-Term Effects of Strengthening Exercises of the Lower Limb Rehabilitation Protocol on Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, and Body Mass Index among Knee Osteoarthritis Participants Who Were Overweight or Obese: A Clinical Trial

Table 4

Clinical outcome measures of study participants within groups.

Clinical outcome measures	Baseline evaluation, mean (SD)	Posttest evaluation, mean (SD)	Mean difference (95% CI)	value
Rehabilitation protocol group (RPG) (n = 21)
BMI, kg/m^2	30.77 (7.63)	31.87 (4.33)	−1.10 (−3.58 to 1.37)	0.364
WOMAC pain (0–20)	9.71 (1.58)	8.85 (1.49)	0.85 (0.44 to 1.27)	≤0.001
WOMAC stiffness (0–8)	3.76 (1.84)	3.04(1.49)	0.71 (0.50 to 0.92)	≤0.001
WOMAC physical function (0–68)	24.09 (12.75)	23.90 (12.37)	0.19 (−0.04 to 0.42)	0.104
Control group (CG) (n = 21)
BMI, kg/m^2	31.76 (3.66)	31.67 (3.59)	0.08 (−0.03 to 0.20)	0.159
WOMAC pain (0–20)	9.76 (1.97)	9.52 (2.08)	0.23 (−0.01 to 0.49)	0.066
WOMAC stiffness (0–8)	3.42 (1.56)	3.21 (1.41)	0.21 (−0.03 to 0.45)	0.083
WOMAC physical function (0–68)	22.19 (11.06)	22.07 (11.00)	0.11 (−0.05 to 0.29)	0.171

RPG, rehabilitation protocol group; CG, control group; SD, standard deviation; n, number; BMI, body mass index; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.