Research Article

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Artemisia vulgaris Leaves, Originating from Three Different Altitudes of Nepal

Table 3

Effect of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract of A. vulgaris leaves at different altitudes, at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and indomethacin in comparison to the formalin control group in the formalin-induced paw edema model using a Vernier caliper.

GroupsDose (ml/kg) p.o.Change in paw thickness (mm) ± SD (% inhibition)
0 hours1 hour2 hours3 hours24 hours48 hours72 hours

I-normal control500 µL1.5 ± 0.011.5 ± 0.021.5 ± 0.021.5 ± 0.011.5 ± 0.011.6 ± 0.021.6 ± 0.02

II-formalin control2 ml/kg2.4 ± 0.034.6 ± 0.054.6 ± 0.05,4.6 ± 0.05,4.0 ± 0.043.7 ± 0.043.7 ± 0.04

III-indomethacin5 mg/kg1.7 ± 0.04
29.16 ± 1.6%
3.0 ± 0.03
34.78 ± 0.6%
2.7 ± 0.08
41.30 ± 1.7%
2.6 ± 0.03
43.48 ± 0.6%
2.1 ± 0.05
47.50 ± 1.2%
1.6 ± 0.05
56.75 ± 1.3%
1.6 ± 0.06
56.75 ± 1.6%

IV-AVTREE200 mg/kg2.2 ± 0.05
8.33 ± 2.0%
4.3 ± 0.07
6.52 ± 1.5%
3.7 ± 0.05
19.56 ± 1.0%
3.2 ± 0.03
30.43 ± 0.6%
2.7 ± 0.06
32.50 ± 1.5%
2.2 ± 0.05
40.54 ± 1.3%
2.2 ± 0.07
40.54 ± 1.9%

V-AVTREE400 mg/kg2.0 ± 0.07
16.66 ± 2.9%
3.54 ± 0.04
23.04 ± 0.8%
3.2 ± 0.09
30.43 ± 1.9%
3.0 ± 0.06
34.78 ± 1.3%
2.5 ± 0.08
37.50 ± 2.0%
2.0 ± 0.05
45.94 ± 1.3%
2.0 ± 0.09
45.94 ± 2.4%

VI-AVTREAE200 mg/kg2.4 ± 0.08
0 ± 0.8%
4.5 ± 0.05
2.17 ± 1.0%
4.4 ± 0.06
4.35 ± 1.3%
3.4 ± 0.02
26.08 ± 0.4%
3.0 ± 0.07
25.0 ± 1.7%
2.5 ± 0.07
32.43 ± 1.9%
2.3 ± 0.08
37.83 ± 2.1%

VII-AVTREAE400 mg/kg2.2 ± 0.05
8.33 ± 2.0%
4.3 ± 0.02
6.52 ± 0.4%
3.5 ± 0.07
23.91 ± 1.5%
3.2 ± 0.06
30.43 ± 1.3%
2.8 ± 0.06
30.0 ± 1.5%
2.2 ± 0.06
40.54 ± 1.6%
2.2 ± 0.05
40.54 ± 1.3%

VIII-AVSTREE200 mg/kg2.0 ± 0.01
16.66 ± 0.4%
3.7 ± 0.03
19.56 ± 0.6%
3.2 ± 0.03
30.43 ± 0.6%
3.0 ± 0.07
34.78 ± 1.5%
2.5 ± 0.05
37.5 ± 1.2%
2.0 ± 0.07
45.94 ± 1.9%
2.0 ± 0.05
45.94 ± 1.3%

IX-AVSTREE400 mg/kg1.8 ± 0.02
25.0 ± 0.8%
3.3 ± 0.05
28.26 ± 1.0%
3.0 ± 0.03
34.78 ± 0.6%
2.8 ± 0.06
39.13 ± 1.3%
2.3 ± 0.04
42.5 ± 1.0%
1.8 ± 0.07
51.35 ± 1.9%
1.8 ± 0.03
51.35 ± 0.8%

X-AVSTREAE200 mg/kg2.0 ± 0.05
16.66 ± 2.0%
4.0 ± 0.07
13.04 ± 1.5%
3.5 ± 0.07
23.91 ± 1.5%
3.2 ± 0.03
30.43 ± 0.6%
2.7 ± 0.06
32.5 ± 1.5%
2.5 ± 0.08
32.43 ± 2.2%
2.1 ± 0.05
43.24 ± 1.3%

XI-AVSTREAE400 mg/kg1.8 ± 0.03
25.0 ± 1.2%
3.7 ± 0.04
19.56 ± 0.9%
3.2 ± 0.03
30.43 ± 0.6%
3.0 ± 0.03
34.78 ± 0.6%
2.5 ± 0.04
37.5 ± 1.00%
2.3 ± 0.09
37.84 ± 2.4%
2.0 ± 0.08
45.94 ± 2.2%

XII-AVTEE200 mg/kg1.9 ± 0.01
20.83 ± 0.4%
3.6 ± 0.07
21.74 ± 1.5%
3.2 ± 0.01
30.43 ± 0.2%
3.0 ± 0.02
34.78 ± 0.4%
2.5 ± 0.06
37.5 ± 1.5%
1.9 ± 0.06
48.64 ± 1.6%
1.9 ± 0.03
48.64 ± 0.8%

XIII-AVTEE400 mg/kg1.7 ± 0.06
29.16 ± 2.5%
3.2 ± 0.06,
30.43 ± 1.3%
2.9 ± 0.03
36.95 ± 0.6%
2.8 ± 0.04
39.13 ± 1.3%
2.2 ± 0.09
45.0 ± 2.2%
1.7 ± 0.05
54.05 ± 1.3%
1.7 ± 0.04
54.05 ± 1.1%

XIV-AVTEAE200 mg/kg2.0 ± 0.01
16.66 ± 0.4%
3.9 ± 0.02
15.22 ± 0.4%
3.4 ± 0.05
26.08 ± 1.0%
3.0 ± 0.03
34.78 ± 0.6%
2.6 ± 0.04
35.0 ± 1.0%
2.4 ± 0.04
35.13 ± 1.1%
2.0 ± 0.03
45.94 ± 0.8%

XV-AVTEAE400 mg/kg1.8 ± 0.02
25.0 ± 0.8%
3.5 ± 0.01
23.91 ± 0.2%
3.2 ± 0.02
30.43 ± 0.4%
2.9 ± 0.02
36.95 ± 0.4%
2.5 ± 0.03
37.5 ± 1.2%
2.1 ± 0.04
43.24 ± 1.1%
1.9 ± 0.04
48.64 ± 1.1%

All the results are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 5. All the values are statistically significant at in comparison to formalin. AVTREE: A. vulgaris tropical ethanolic extract, AVTREAE: A. vulgaris tropical ethyl acetate extract, AVSTREE: A. vulgaris subtropical ethanolic extract, AVSTREAE: A. vulgaris subtropical ethyl acetate extract, AVTEE: A. vulgaris temperate ethanolic extract, and AVTEAE: A. vulgaris temperate ethyl acetate extract.