Is It Possible to Achieve Favorable Accelerated Dental Changes with No Periodontal Complications When Retracting Upper Anterior Teeth Assisted by Flapless Corticotomy Compared to Traditional Corticotomy? A Two-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the sample at the beginning of the treatment.

Group	Traditional corticotomy group (TCG)	Flapless corticotomy group (FCG)
Number of patients	19	19
Gender distribution (male/female)	2/17	1/18
Mean age ± SD (years)	23.84 ± 2.87	23.29 ± 2.94
Crowding (no/minimal)	12/7	11/8
Facial divergence (normal/hyperdivergent)	8/11	10/9
Protrusion of upper anterior teeth (moderate/severe)	4/15	5/14
Overbite (normal/shallow)	7/12	9/10
Posterior crossbite (no/yes)	0/19	0/19

SD: standard deviation. The protrusion of upper anterior teeth was divided into 3 categories: mild (3–5 mm), moderate (5–7.5 mm), and severe (7.5–10 mm).