Serological Evidence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Chickens in Northwestern Ethiopia
Table 5
Univariable and multivariable mixed-effect logistic regression analysis of environmental risk factors with ILTV seroprevalence.
Variables category
Sample size
No. of positive
Prevalence % (95% CI)
Univariable
Multivariable
COR (95% CI)
value
AOR (95% CI)
value
Farming type
Intensive
213
97
45.5 (0.39–0.53)
RF
Extensive
555
357
64.3 (0.60–0.68)
2.16 (1.56–2.97)
≤0.001
1.97(1.01–5.02)
≤0.001
Feed source
Commercially prepared
119
55
46.2 (0.37–0.56)
RF
Locally prepared
649
399
61.5 (0.58–0.65)
1.86 (1.25–2.75)
0.002
6.53 (1.77–24.04)
0.005
Batch management
All-in-All-out
130
63
48.5 (0.57–0.65)
RF
Different batches in one house
638
391
61.3 (0.57–0.65)
1.68 (1.15–2.46)
0.007
14.51(3.35–62.77)
≤0.001
Ventilation
Well ventilated
584
354
60.6 (0.57–0.65)
RF
Partially ventilated
184
100
54.3 (0.47–0.62)
0.77 (0.55–1.08)
0.132
House disinfection
Disinfection after each batch of chicken
226
63
27.9 (0.22–0.34)
RF
No disinfection
542
391
72.1 (0.68–0.76)
6.70 (4.74–9.47)
0.037
11.05(4.09–47.95)
≤0.001
Litter management
Buried
69
43
62.3 (0.50–0.74)
RF
Used as fertilizer
426
225
52.8 (0.48–0.58)
0.68 (0.40–1.14)
0.143
0.20 (0.05–0.76)
0.018
Accumulate to the nearby free space
273
186
68.1 (0.62–0.74)
1.29 (0.75–2.24)
0.232
1.62 (1.08–4.37)
≤0.001
Protective footwear and clothing
Available
105
19
18.1 (0.11–0.27)
RF
Not available
663
435
65.6 (0.62–0.69)
8.64 (5.12–14.56)
≤0.001
20.85 (5.40–80.45)
≤0.001
Carcass management
Burying or burning
131
37
28.2 (0.21–0.37)
RF
Throwing to nearby place
637
417
65.5 (0.62–0.69)
4.82 (3.18–7.29)
≤0.001
13.25 (5.31–52.34)
0.001
COR: crude odds ratio, AOR: adjusted odds ratio, 95% CI: 95% confidence interval, value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, value of ≤0.001 was considered strong statistical significance, RF: reference factor.
