Biofilm Formation and Phospholipase and Proteinase Production in Cryptococcus neoformans Clinical Isolates and Susceptibility towards Some Bioactive Natural Products

Table 3

Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of natural products against C. neoformans isolates.

Isolates		Natural products						Antifungals
		Thy	Plu	Eug	Pip	Cur	Agl	AmB	Flu
Cn46	MIC	64	8	128	32	64	128	128	32
	MFC	256	32	512	128	256	512	256	128
	MBIC	128	16	512	64	256	512	128	16
	MBIC/MIC	2	2	4	2	1	4	1	0.5
	MBEC	512	128	1024	1024	1024	1024	512	256
	MBEC/MFC	2	4	2	4	4	2	2	2
Cn47	MIC	64	4	256	128	128	256	256	256
	MFC	64	16	256	256	256	1024	256	512
	MBIC	256	4	512	256	512	128	64	128
	MBIC/MIC	4	1	2	1	4	0.5	0.25	0.5
	MBEC	512	128	512	512	1024	1024	256	512
	MBEC/MFC	8	8	2	2	4	1	1	1
Cn91	MIC	32	8	64	256	128	128	64	32
	MFC	128	32	256	1024	512	512	128	128
	MBIC	128	16	128	512	256	256	128	32
	MBIC/MIC	4	2	2	2	2	2	2	1
	MBEC	1024	256	1024	1024	1024	512	256	256
	MBEC/MFC	8	8	4	1	2	1	2	2
Cn96	MIC	32	8	128	128	256	256	256	32
	MFC	128	16	512	512	512	256	512	64
	MBIC	64	8	512	512	512	512	128	64
	MBIC/MIC	2	1	4	4	2	2	0.5	0.5
	MBEC	1024	128	1024	1024	1024	1024	512	512
	MBEC/MFC	8	8	2	8	2	4	1	8
Cn118	MIC	32	4	128	256	256	64	256	256
	MFC	256	32	512	256	512	256	256	512
	MBIC	32	16	256	256	512	128	128	128
	MBIC/MIC	1	2	2	1	1	2	0.5	0.5
	MBEC	512	128	1024	256	1024	512	512	512
	MBEC/MFC	2	4	2	1	2	2	2	1
Cn158	MIC	8	4	32	64	128	512	128	64
	MFC	32	4	128	256	512	1024	512	256
	MBIC	8	4	32	128	256	512	64	128
	MBIC/MIC	0.25	1	1	2	2	1	0.5	2
	MBEC	512	32	1024	1024	1024	1024	512	256
	MBEC/MFC	16	8	8	4	2	1	1	1
Cn169	MIC	64	8	128	128	128	256	64	256
	MFC	64	8	256	256	256	512	128	512
	MBIC	64	8	64	256	256	512	128	128
	MBIC/MIC	1	1	0.5	2	2	2	2	0.5
	MBEC	256	32	512	1024	512	1024	512	512
	MBEC/MFC	4	4	2	4	2	2	4	1
Cn173	MIC	32	16	256	256	256	128	256	256
	MFC	128	32	512	256	512	512	256	512
	MBIC	32	4	512	512	128	128	128	256
	MBIC/MIC	0.5	0.25	2	2	0.5	1	0.5	1
	MBEC	1024	256	1024	1024	1024	512	512	512
	MBEC/MFC	8	8	2	4	2	1	2	1

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL); MFC: minimum fungicidal concentration (μg/mL); MBIC: minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (μg/mL); MBEC: minimum biofilm eradication concentration (μg/mL); Thy: thymol; Plu: plumbagin; Eug: eugenol; Pip: piperine; Cur: curcumin; Agl: gallic acid; AmB: amphotericin B; Flu: fluconazole; Cn: C. neoformans.