Research Article

The Impact of Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Hospitalization and Mortality among Hajj Pilgrims

Table 1

Characteristics of the study population of Hajj pilgrims from East Java, Indonesia, from 2017 to 2019.

Variable2017 (n = 21488)2018 (n = 23865)2019 (n = 26725) value (χ2 test/ANOVA)Post hoc test value (Mann–Whitney)

Men10018 (46.6)11254 (47.2)12535 (46.9)0.521
Women11470 (53.4)12611 (52.8)14190 (53.1)
Age (years)54.0 (11.3)53.8 (10.8)54.14 (11.8)0.145
 18–402369 (11.0)2473 (10.4)3086 (11.5)<0.001
 41–495082 (23.7)5499 (23.0)5902 (22.1)
 50–597490 (34.9)8860 (37.1)9442 (35.3)
 ≥606547 (30.5)7033 (29.5)8295 (31.0)
SBP (mmHg)127.3 (20.4)127.9 (20.5)128.4 (21.0)<0.0012017 vs. 20180.001
2017 vs. 2019<0.001
2018 vs. 20190.045
DBP (mmHg)80.4 (10.2)80.5 (10.2)80.3 (10.4)0.0062017 vs. 20180.232
2017 vs. 20190.660
2018 vs. 20190.002
Nonhypertension10000 (46.5)15376 (64.4)1282 (4.8)<0.001
 HT grade I7612 (35.4)5491 (23.0)6936 (26.0)
 HT grade II2785 (13.0)2200 (9.2)5129 (19.2)
 HT grade III1091 (5.1)798 (3.3)3614 (13.5)
BMI25.3 (4.6)25.3 (4.5)25.3 (4.6)0.349
 Underweight974 (4.5)953 (4.0)1282 (4.8)0.002
 Normal5686 (26.5)6245 (26.2)6936 (26)
 Overweight4130 (19.2)4663 (19.5)5129 (19.2)
 Obesity class I7885 (36.7)8872 (13.1)9764 (36.5)
 Obesity class II2813 (13.1)3132 (13.1)3614 (13.5)
PPG levels (mg/dL)136.9 (63.4)138.0 (62.4)138.6 (63.8)<0.0012017 vs. 2018<0.001
2017 vs. 2019<0.001
2018 vs. 20190.776
Diabetes2340 (10.9)2556 (10.7)2985 (11.2)0.247
Smoking history2987 (13.9)3420 (14.3)3982 (14.9)0.007
Hospitalization173 (0.8)230 (1.0)297 (1.1)0.003
Mortality77 (0.4)42 (0.2)54 (0.2)<0.001