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| Author (year) | Location | Method | Result |
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| Meng, 2022 [24] | China | Spearman correlation | The results show that the impact of increasing government financial public health investment on regional economic growth rate is not only related to regional economic aggregate and development level, but also related to regional education level and regional publicity level in logical analysis |
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| Zhou et al., 2021 [25] | China | Generalized method of moments (GMM) | The results indicated that there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between China’s institutional environment and its green growth. That is, the institutional environment can initially promote China’s green growth but, if it is not changed, will eventually inhibit it |
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| Shabbir et al., 2021 [26] | Pakistan | Autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) | The long-run findings indicate that foreign private investment has a negative and insignificant impact on economic growth, whereas, domestic investment shows a statistical significance but positive impact on Pakistan economy. The short-run dynamic designates that both domestic and foreign private investment is significantly and positively associated with the growth rate |
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| Li et al., 2021 [27] | Provinces in China | Spatial econometric models | Government public health spending and regional economic growth have significant positive spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration effects. The indicator of government public health spending significantly promotes regional economic growth. In addition, it significantly promotes the economic growth of neighboring areas through certain spatial spillovers |
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| Anwar et al., 2020 [28] | Pakistan | Auto regressive distributed lag modelling technique | Results of the study revealed inflation negatively related to economic performance and positively linked to investment and tradeopenness |
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| Aslam et al., 2019 [29] | Pakistan | Auto regressive distributed lag modelling technique | Empirical outcomes corroborated that government development expenditures had significant positive impact on capital formation in Pakistan. The impact of government expenditures on economy is seemed to be a very important element for economic progression in democratic countries. This study result indicates that it is vital for the Pakistani government to adopt the policy of increase in government expenditures in order to attain higher capital formation, a precondition for growth and development of the country |
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| Rauf et al., 2017 [30] | Pakistan | ARDL method | It is found that the individual impacts of fiscal transfer are although insignificant but still support the theoretical proposition regarding fiscal decentralization and public services relationship while delegation of expenditure responsibilities helps in improving the gross enrollment at primary school level. Furthermore the study evident that complete delegation of fiscal responsibilities to lower governments enhance enrollment ratio in Pakistan |
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| Mukhtarov et al., 2020 [31] | Azerbaijan | ARDLBT, DOLS, and CCR | The estimation results show that government’s expenditures on education, gross capital formation and total population have a positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth in the long run |
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| Dehning et al., 2016 [32] | Azerbaijan | ARDLBT approach | Estimation results provide statistically significant and positive contribution of all expenditure items, supported by Keynesian theory. However, productivity of all type of expenditures has significantly decreased after the oil boom |
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| Al‐Abri et al., 2018 [33] | Saudi Arabia | GCC approach | The results suggest that remittance outflows have a weak effect, if at all, on government spending, which, in turn, has an insignificant impact on GDP |
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