Effect of Public Expenditure on Economic Growth in the Case of Ethiopia

Table 4

Augmented-dickey fuller test results at first difference.

Variable	ADF statistics	Critical value	Order of integration
D (log RGDP)	−3.528	1% = −3.66; 5% = −2.66; 10% = −2.616	Stationary at 1^st difference
D (log expdef)	−5.184		Stationary at 1^st difference
D (log expagri)	−8.212		Stationary at 1^st difference
D (log exphe)	−4.276		Stationary at 1^st difference
D (log expedu)	−6.400		Stationary at 1^st difference
D (log expinve)	−9.47		Stationary at 1^st difference
D2 (log CPI)	−7.253		Stationary at 2^nd difference

Source: own computation based on the data from MOFED and National Bank, 2022.