Research Article
Obstacles of Online Learning Facing Nursing Students after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Table 4
Mann–Whitney test for subscale differences based on participants’ characteristics.
| Characteristics | Outcome variable | Group | N | Mean rank | Mann–Whitney U | Z | P value |
| Gender | Academic obstacles | Male | 99 | 148.30 | 9732 | −1.88 | 0.060 | Female | 226 | 169.44 | Technological obstacles | Male | 99 | 149.89 | 9889 | −1.67 | 0.095 | Female | 226 | 168.74 | Administrative obstacles | Male | 99 | 155.74 | 10486.5 | −0.93 | 0.354 | Female | 226 | 166.18 |
| Study program | Academic obstacles | Regular | 159 | 187.56 | 9291.5 | −4.64 | ≤0.001 | Bridging | 166 | 139.47 | Technological obstacles | Regular | 159 | 180.65 | 10390.5 | −3.32 | 0.001 | Bridging | 166 | 146.09 | Administrative obstacles | Regular | 159 | 189.14 | 9040.5 | −4.94 | ≤0.001 | Bridging | 166 | 137.96 |
| University | Academic obstacles | Governmental | 105 | 205.42 | 6990.5 | −5.75 | ≤0.001 | Private | 219 | 141.92 | Technological obstacles | Governmental | 105 | 190.47 | 8560.5 | −3.73 | ≤0.001 | Private | 219 | 149.09 | Administrative obstacles | Governmental | 105 | 205.67 | 6964.5 | −5.78 | ≤0.001 | Private | 219 | 141.80 |
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