Comparison of Heart Rate Variability in Thai Older Adults with Hypertension, Pre-Hypertension, and Normotension
Table 1
Participant characteristics divided by the BP group.
Characteristics
Normal BP (N = 10)
Pre-HT (N = 33)
HT (N = 21)
values
Physical characteristics
Age (years)
64.40 ± 4.33
67.03 ± 4.61
68.95 ± 3.85
ns
Male, no. (%)
0 (0)
8 (24.24)
4 (19.04)
ns
Height (cm)
153.5 (148, 160)
157 (140, 180)
155 (137, 172)
ns
Weight (kg)
60.05 ± 7.77
59.51 ± 6.68
59.50 ± 7.14
ns
BMI (kg/m2)
25 (19.65, 32.03)
23.83 (20.07, 33.16)
23.66 (18.73, 36.23)
ns
WC (cm)
89 (73, 104)
83 (71, 98)
83 (73, 108)
ns
HC (cm)
98.60 ± 4.94
96.91 ± 4.44
97.81 ± 7.10
ns
WHR (cm)
0.88 (0.77, 1.05)
0.87 (0.80, 0.99)
0.85 (0.77, 1.04)
ns
Body fat (%)
35.30 ± 4.57
32.62 ± 4.64
31.36 ± 5.40
ns
Resting HR (beats/min)
70.70 ± 7.86
67.55 ± 9.49
71.57 ± 9.03
ns
Biochemical parameters
TC (mg/dL)
228.10 ± 47.20
241.12 ± 43.64
227.19 ± 51.40
ns
HDL-C (mg/dL)
63 (43, 100)
63 (45, 110)
58 (34, 101)
ns
TG (mg/dL)
93 (54, 214)
81 (37, 247)
86 (41, 268)
ns
LDL-C (mg/dL)
149.78 ± 42.15
166.40 ± 42.11
150.30 ± 47.47
ns
FBS (mg/dL)
94 (82, 109)
98 (89, 243)
102 (89, 155)
ns
Health status
Dyslipidemia, no. (%)
8 (80)
27 (81.81)
18 (85.71)
ns
DM, no. (%)
0 (0)
1 (3)
3 (14.28)
ns
MetS, no. (%)
1 (10)
3 (9.09)
7 (33.33)
ns
Obese, no. (%)
6 (60)
8 (24.24)
7 (33.33)
ns
Continuous variables were presented as the mean ± SD or median (minimum, maximum). Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. values were derived using the ANOVA or chi-square test. HT, hypertension; BMI, body mass index; HC, hip circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratios; HR, heart rate; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DM, diabetes mellitus; MetS, metabolic syndrome; ns, no significance.
