Blood Reference Intervals for Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) from Puerto Rico

Table 4

Mean serum chemistry values for manatees from Puerto Rico for all samples (calves, subadults, and adults, n = 70): calves only, n = 23; subadults only, n = 6; and adults only, n = 41, with ±1 standard deviation range in parentheses. Abbreviations for parameters are detailed in the Materials and Methods section. Significant differences using values between calves and adults are indicated with an asterisk ().

Parameter	All manatee samples		Calves		Subadults		Adults		value
	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	Calves vs. Adults
Liver-associated enzymes and pigments
LDH (U/L)	425.3 ± 164.6	(261–590)	394.6 ± 174.1	(220–569)	538.2 ± 144.6	(394–683)	420.2 ± 159.7	(261–580)	0.620
TOT BILI (mg/dL)	0.2 ± 0.1	(0.1–0.3)	0.3 ± 0.2	(0.1–0.4)	0.1 ± 0.04	(0.1–0.2)	0.2 ± 0.1	(0.1–0.3)	0.009
Muscle-associated enzymes
ALT (U/L)	15.4 ± 7.1	(8.3–23)	12.0 ± 6.5	(5.5–18)	18.5 ± 5.5	(13–24)	16.8 ± 7.1	(9.7–24)	0.011
AST (U/L)	11.4 ± 5.2	(6.1–17)	10.3 ± 4.9	(5.4–15)	13.5 ± 6.4	(7.1–20)	11.9 ± 5.5	(6.4–17)	0.316
ALP (U/L)	78.2 ± 20.4	(58–99)	86.9 ± 20.6	(66–108)	70.2 ± 20.7	(49–91)	76.2 ± 19.8	(56–96)	0.096
CPK (U/L)	99.8 ± 32.3	(68–132)	85.8 ± 24.1	(62–110)	119.4 ± 20.9	(99–140)	101.4 ± 34.9	(67–136)	0.136
Kidney-associated compounds and products
BUN (mg/dL)	4.2 ± 2.1	(2.1–6.3)	4.1 ± 2.5	(1.6–6.5)	5.2 ± 2.2	(3.0–7.4)	4.1 ± 2.0	(2.2–6.1)	0.896
CREA (mg/dL)	1.5 ± 0.4	(1.1–1.9)	1.3 ± 0.4	(0.9–1.8)	1.5 ± 0.5	(1.0–2.1)	1.6 ± 0.4	(1.3–2.0)	0.014
BUN:CREA	2.1 ± 0.7	(1.4–2.8)	1.7 ± 0.8	(0.9–2.4)	2.3 ± 0.4	(1.9–2.7)	2.2 ± 0.7	(1.5–2.9)	0.078
UA (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.5	(0.4–1.4)	1.2 ± 0.4	(0.8–1.6)	0.8 ± 0.6	(0.2–1.4)	0.8 ± 0.5	(0.3–1.3)	0.009
Sugars, lipids, and pancreatic-associated enzymes
GLU (mg/dL)	91.2 ± 18.5	(73–110)	78.5 ± 14.6	(64–93)	86.7 ± 21.5	(65–108)	97.0 ± 16.9	(80–114)	0.001
TRIG (mg/dL)	109.3 ± 25.2	(84–135)	110.7 ± 28.0	(83–139)	88.4 ± 17.5	(71–106)	112.4 ± 24.4	(88–137)	0.867
CHOL (mg/dL)	117.5 ± 25.7	(92–143)	138.0 ± 14.9	(123–153)	115 ± 19.8	(95–135)	116.2 ± 26.7	(90–143)	0.105
AMY (U/L)	599.7 ± 149.1	(451–749)	667.0 ± 179.3	(488–846)	—	—	573.5 ± 145.3	(428–719)	0.399
Proteins
TOT PROT (g/dL)	7.0 ± 0.5	(6.4–7.5)	6.7 ± 0.6	(6.1–7.3)	6.8 ± 0.4	(6.3–7.2)	7.1 ± 0.4	(6.7–7.6)	0.004
ALB (g/dL)	3.9 ± 0.5	(3.5–4.4)	3.7 ± 0.5	(3.2–4.3)	3.9 ± 0.4	(3.5–4.4)	4.1 ± 0.4	(3.7–4.5)	0.012
GLOB (g/dL)	2.9 ± 0.4	(2.5–3.3)	3.0 ± 0.4	(2.6–3.5)	2.8 ± 0.5	(2.3–3.3)	2.8 ± 0.4	(2.4–3.1)	0.143
ALB:GLOB	1.4 ± 0.3	(1.1–1.7)	1.2 ± 0.3	(0.9–1.5)	1.5 ± 0.3	(1.1–1.8)	1.4 ± 0.2	(1.2–1.7)	0.032
Electrolytes
Na (mmol/L)	151.0 ± 5.5	(146–157)	147.8 ± 5.1	(143–153)	151.0 ± 6.2	(145–157)	152.6 ± 5.0	(148–158)	≤0.001
Cl^− (mmol/L)	99.6 ± 6.3	(93–106)	97.3 ± 6.5	(91–104)	99.9 ± 6.1	(94–106)	101.0 ± 5.9	(95–107)	0.036
K (mmol/L)	5.3 ± 0.7	(4.6–5.9)	4.8 ± 0.5	(4.3–5.2)	5.5 ± 0.5	(5.0–5.9)	5.5 ± 0.6	(4.9–6.1)	≤0.001
PO4 (mg/dL)	5.9 ± 1.1	(4.8–7.0)	6.2 ± 1.1	(5.1–7.3)	6.3 ± 1.3	(5.0–7.5)	5.7 ± 1.1	(4.5–6.8)	0.110
Ca (mg/dL)	9.8 ± 0.7	(9.2–11)	10.1 ± 0.6	(9.6–11)	9.5 ± 0.5	(9.0–10)	9.7 ± 0.7	(9.0–10)	0.020
CO2 (mmol/L)	26.7 ± 9.5	(17–36)	33.7 ± 4.5	(29–38)	23.9 ± 11.7	(12–36)	23.0 ± 9.3	(14–32)	≤0.001
AG (mmol/L)	27.9 ± 10.6	(17–39)	19.9 ± 6.5	(13–26)	32.4 ± 11.7	(21–44)	32.2 ± 9.7	(23–42)	≤0.001