Blood Reference Intervals for Antillean Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) from Puerto Rico

Table 7

Serum chemistry reference intervals for West Indian manatees from Puerto Rico, Florida, Guyana, Mexico, Belize, and Brazil. Puerto Rico values included all samples (calves, subadults, and adults). Abbreviations for parameters are detailed in the Materials and Methods section. Columns with an asterisk () signify that the range values are minimum and maximum.

Parameter	Antillean manatees					Florida manatees
	Puerto Rico	Guyana [7]	Mexico [8]	Belize [9]	Brazil [14]	Florida [6]	Florida [24]
	n = 70	n = 11	n = 18	n = 82	n = 30	n = 23	n = 55
Liver-associated enzymes and pigments
LDH (U/L)	261–590	—	—	—	—	94–372	—
T BILI (mg/dL)	0.1–0.3	0.2–0.4	0.0–0.4	—	0–0.1	0–0.1	0–0.3
Muscle-associated enzymes
ALT (U/L)	8.3–23	—	14–24	4.4–33	3.0–9.0	6.0–30	5.0–48
AST (U/L)	6.1–17	18–19	13–80	19–52	6.0–13	5.0–28	4.0–26
ALP (U/L)	58–99	45–80	—	52–106	214–412	64–183	39–192
CPK (U/L)	68–132	75–228	78–191	—	—	79–302	51–2966
Kidney-associated compounds and products
BUN (mg/dL)	2.1–6.3	1.6–6.4	3.1–13	1.7–9.5	—	6.4–16	1.1–12
CREA (mg/dL)	1.1–1.9	1.0–1.4	0.0–4.4	1.0–2.4	1.5–2.3	0.4–2.1	0.6–3.8
BUN:CREA	1.4–2.8	—	—	—	—	—	—
UA (mg/dL)	0.4–1.4	—	—	—	1.6–2.2	—	—
Sugars, lipids, and pancreatic-associated enzymes
GLU (mg/dL)	73–110	70–97	67–101	44–120	66–129	56–117	41–178
TRIG (mg/dL)	84–135	—	82–134	50–131	—	—	27–195
CHOL (mg/dL)	92–143	—	134–210	88–170	148–243	107–328	81–282
AMY (U/L)	451–749	—	—	—	—	—	—
Proteins
T PROT (g/dL)	6.4–7.5	6.5–7.3	6.9–8.3	6.3–7.8	6.4–7.8	6.2–8.6	6.4–9.0
ALB (g/dL)	3.5–4.4	4.1–5.1	4.0–5.6	3.3–5.1	4.6–6.7	3.6–5.9	2.5–4.6
GLOB (g/dL)	2.5–3.3
ALB:GLOB	1.1–1.7	—	1.9–3.7	—	—	—	0.6–1.3
Electrolytes
NA (mmol/L)	146–157	138–149	—	142–160	—	142–157	143–158
CL (mmol/L)	93–106	92–105	—	87–105	—	90–103	78–106
K (mmol/L)	4.6–5.9	4.2–5.0	—	4.6–6.0	—	4.2–6.6	3.8–6.3
PO4 (mg/dL)	4.8–7.0	4.2–5.6	—	3.7–7.0	—	3.0–8.0	3.4–8.4
CA (mg/dL)	9.2–11	9.6–11	—	9.1–12	—	10–12	8.0–15
CO2 (mmol/L)	17–36	13–18	—	—	—	—	4.0–41
AG (mmol/L)	17–39	30–37	—	—	—	—	15–59