A Review of the Antimicrobial Potential of Musca domestica as a Natural Approach with Promising Prospects to Countermeasure Antibiotic Resistance

Table 1

The type of bacteria isolated from housefly M. domestica.

Body part	Isolated microorganisms	References
Entire body	(i) Actinobacteria (Microbacterium spp.)	Bahrndorff et al. [28]
	(ii) Bacteroidetes/Bacteroidota (Apibacter spp., Chishuiella spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Moheibacter spp., Spirosoma spp., Sphingobacterium spp.)	de Jonge et al. [29]
	(iii) Firmicutes (Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Weissella spp.)
	(iv) Fusobacteria
	(v) Lentisphaerota/Lentisphaerae
	(vi) Proteobacteria (Acidovorax spp., Alcaligenes spp., Brevundimonas spp., Delftia spp., Klebsiella spp., Ochrobactrum spp., Paenochrobactrum spp., Pseudochrobactrum spp., Pseudomonas spp., Stenotrophomonas spp.)
	(vii) Saccharibacteria (formerly known as TM7)
	(viii) Spirochaetota/Spirochaetes
	(ix) Tenericutes
Right wing	(i) Actinobacteria (Micrococcus luteus)	Laziz et al. [22]
	(ii) Bacteroidetes/Bacteroidota (Sphingobacterium sp.)	Kanan et al. [30]
	(iii) Firmicutes (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. xylosus)
	(iv) Proteobacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Brucella melitensis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, P. fluorescens)
Left wing	(i) Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium minimum)	Laziz et al. [22]
	(ii) Bacteroidetes/Bacteroidota (Sphingobacterium sp.)	Kanan et al. 2020 [30]
	(iii) Firmicutes (Bacillus spp., Aerococcus viridans, Streptococcus iniae
	(iv) Proteobacteria (Acinetobacter spp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Brucella melitensis bv.1, Enterobacter asburiae, P. fluorescens)
Body surfaces	(i) Firmicutes (Bacillus cereus, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Enterococcus spp., S. aureus, S. saprophyticus)	Laziz et al. [22]
		Nazari et al. [19]
		Yalli et al. [31]
	(ii) Proteobacteria (E. coli, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Haemophilus ducreyi, Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella spp., K. oxytoca, Proteus spp., P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas spp., Serratia fonticola)	Nazni et al. [32]
Digestive tract	(i) Firmicutes (Bacillus sp.)	Nazni et al. [32]
	(ii) Proteobacteria (Enterobacter spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.)