Electromyography of the External Anal Sphincter during Micturition and Electrophysiological Bulbocavernosus Reflex in Healthy Spayed Female Canines

Figure 2

The position of the dog and electrode during the electrophysiological bulbocavernosus reflex (EBCR). A stimulator probe consists of two electrodes (an anode (A) and a cathode (C)). A concentric needle electrode was placed in the EAS (E), and the ground electrode was placed at the tail base (G).