Individual and Herd-Level Seroprevalence in Association with Potential Risk Factors of Japanese Encephalitis in Pigs Collected from Urban, Periurban, and Rural Areas of Bali, Indonesia
Table 1
Animal-level test seroprevalence and real prevalence of JEV in pig sera collected from the regencies/city of Denpasar, Badung, and Karangasem in the province of Bali.
Regencies/city
Subdistricts
Number of positive samples
Total number of samples tested
Test prevalence (95% CI)
Real prevalence (95% CI)
Denpasar
144
150
96% (91.5–98.5)
97.6% (97.6–98.5)
South Denpasar
40
40
100.0% (91.2–100)
100% (95.4–100)
East Denpasar
37
38
97.4% (86.2–100)
99% (90.8–100)
West Denpasar
41
45
91.1% (78.8–100)
92.6% (92.1–97.5)
North Denpasar
26
27
96.3% (81–100)
97.9% (87.2–100)
Badung
142
147
96.6% (92.2–98.9)
98.2% (97.5–98.9)
Abiansemal
18
23
78.3% (56.3–92.5)
79.2% (85.2–92.5)
North Kuta
62
62
100% (94.2–100)
100% (94.2–100)
Mengwi
33
33
100% (89.4–100)
100% (89.4–100)
Petang
29
29
100% (88.1–100)
100% (88.1–100)
Karangasem
142
146
97.3% (93.1–99.2)
98.9% (97.5–99.2)
Amlapura
36
37
97.3% (85.8–100)
99% (90.5–100)
Bebandem
43
43
100.0% (91.8–100)
100% (91.8–100)
Manggis
37
38
97.4% (86.2–100)
99% (90.8–100)
Rendang
26
28
92.9% (76.5–99.1)
94.4% (87.7–99.1)
Calculated by adjusting test seroprevalence using 98.3% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity of the assay.
