Toxoplasmosis and Chlamydophilosis in Small Ruminant Farms in Cameroon: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perception of Zoonotic Risks of Farmers
Table 1
Distribution of mean knowledge scores on toxoplasmosis and chlamydophilosis according to demographic and farm characteristics of small ruminant farmers (N = 200) in the Adamawa, North, and Far North regions of Cameroon.
Factors
Variables
N
Toxoplasmosis
value
Chlamydophilosis Mean ± SD
value
Mean ± SD
Global knowledge
200
0.08 ± 0.23
0.07 ± 0.18
Study regions
Adamawa
50
0.03 ± 0.14
0.05
0.03 ± 0.10
0.03
North
81
0.12 ± 0.27
0.10 ± 0.21
Far North
69
0.07 ± 0.21
0.17 ± 0.10
Sex
Male
160
0.07 ± 0.21
0.27
0.06 ± 0.16
0.23
Female
40
0.12 ± 0.28
0.10 ± 0.23
Age (year)
<20
4
0
0.001
0
0.001
21–50
113
0.08 ± 0.22
0.07 ± 0.18
51–70
74
0.08 ± 0.23
0.06 ± 0.16
>71
9
0.17 ± 0.33
0.26 ± 0.26
Level of education
No
73
0.11 ± 0.27
0.02
0.09 ± 0.21
0.27
Primary
55
0.03 ± 0.13
0.03 ± 0.13
Secondary
55
0.07 ± 0.21
0.06 ± 0.15
Higher
17
0.14 ± 0.30
0.11 ± 0.22
Marital status
Single
28
0.05 ± 0.20
0.001
0.05 ± 0.15
0.001
Monogame
109
0.08 ± 0.22
0.07 ± 0.18
Polygamist
61
0.08 ± 0.22
0.06 ± 0.16
Widow
2
0.75 ± 0.07
0.60 ± 0.00
Duration in the breeding (year)
<10
53
0.07 ± 0.22
0.81
0.06 ± 0.16
0.82
11–30
127
0.08 ± 0.23
0.07 ± 0.18
>30
20
0.11 ± 0.27
0.09 ± 0.19
Primary occupation
Village chief
2
0
0.05
0
0.05
Trader
3
0
0
Student
4
0
0
Breeder
190
0.08 ± 0.23
0.07 ± 0.18
Public servant
1
0
0
Breeding objectives
Financial
139
0.07 ± 0.22
0.05
0.06 ± 0.17
0.13
Consumption
51
0.17 ± 0.31
0.13 ± 0.23
Pleasure
10
0.16 ± 0.34
0.12 ± 0.26
Number of small ruminants in farms
<10
45
0.11 ± 0.25
0.63
0.08 ± 0.19
0.76
10–30
131
0.07 ± 0.22
0.06 ± 0.17
>30
24
0.09 ± 024
0.07 ± 0.18
Health personnel
Yes
7
0.30 ± 0.24
0.89
0.26 ± 0.22
0.91
No
193
0.29 ± 0.24
0.26 ± 0.23
Hygiene level
Clean
48
0.16 ± 0.32
0.03
0.14 ± 0.25
0.02
Very clean
8
0.09 ± 0.25
0.06 ± 0.18
Dirty
134
0.06 ± 0.19
0.05 ± 0.14
Very dirty
10
0.01 ± 0.03
0.02 ± 0.04
Power supply mode
Grazing
180
0.06 ± 0.21
0.001
0.06 ± 0.16
0.01
Zero grazing
20
0.22 ± 0.33
0.16 ± 0.24
Values in a column with “” differ significantly at ; ANOVA results comparing mean factor scores by category while the independent t-test was used to compare factor scores of dichotomous variables; N = number of respondents; SD: standard deviation.
