Toxoplasmosis and Chlamydophilosis in Small Ruminant Farms in Cameroon: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perception of Zoonotic Risks of Farmers
Table 2
Distribution of mean scores of practices, attitudes toward abortion management in small ruminants, and risk perception of toxoplasmosis and chlamydophilosis according to demographic and herder characteristics (N = 200) in Adamawa, North, and Far North regions of Cameroon.
Factor
Variables
N
Practices
Attitude
Perception of risk of toxoplasmosis and chlamydophilosis
Mean ± SD
value
Mean ± SD
value
Mean ± SD
value
Study regions
Adamawa
50
0.38 ± 0.14
0.57
0.29 ± 0.07
0.01
0.04 ± 0.19
0.04
North
81
0.36 ± 0.14
0.33 ± 0.07
0.18 ± 0.31
Extreme-North
69
0.36 ± 0.11
0.33 ± 0.08
0.10 ± 0.31
Sex
Male
160
0.36 ± 0.13
0.71
0.32 ± 0.07
0.85
0.10 ± 0.32
0.34
Female
40
0.37 ± 0.14
0.32 ± 0.08
0.16 ± 0.39
Age in years
<20
4
0.44 ± 0.24
0.68
0.38 ± 0.05
0.05
0
0.05
21–50
113
0.37 ± 0.14
0.32 ± 0.08
0.11 ± 0.33
51–70
74
0.36 ± 0.12
0.32 ± 0.07
0.11 ± 0.33
>71
9
0.31 ± 0.11
0.36 ± 0.09
0.25 ± 0.50
Level of education
No
73
0.36 ± 0.12
0.28
0.32 ± 0.07
0.20
0.16 ± 0.39
0.02
Primary
55
0.39 ± 0.14
0.34 ± 0.08
0.04 ± 0.22
Secondary
55
0.35 ± 0.14
0.32 ± 0.08
0.10 ± 0.31
Higher
17
0.33 ± 0.33
0.30 ± 0.06
0.19 ± 0.43
Marital status
Single
28
0.34 ± 0.13
0.05
0.33 ± 0.06
0.89
0.08 ± 0.28
0.0001
Monogame
109
0.36 ± 0.14
0.32 ± 0.08
0.11 ± 0.33
Polygamist
61
0.39 ± 0.11
0.32 ± 0.07
0.11 ± 0.32
Widow
2
0.25 ± 0.00
0.30 ± 0.14
1 ± 0.00
Duration in the breeding (year)
<10
53
0.36 ± 0.15
0.91
0.32 ± 0.07
0.70
0.10 ± 0.31
0.79
11–30
127
0.37 ± 0.12
0.32 ± 0.08
0.12 ± 0.34
>30
20
0.35 ± 0.13
0.31 ± 0.08
0.16 ± 0.38
Primary occupation
Village chief
2
0.56 ± 0.09
0.05
0.35 ± 0.21
0.05
0
0.0001
Trader
3
0.29 ± 0.08
0.30 ± 0.10
0
Student
4
0.41 ± 0.26
0.38 ± 0.05
0
Breeder
190
0.36 ± 0.13
0.32 ± 0.07
0.12 ± 0.34
Public servant
1
0.38 ± 0.00
0.20 ± 0.00
0
Breeding objectives
Financial income
139
0.34 ± 0.10
0.45
0.34 ± 0.07
0.46
0.30 ± 0.51
0.05
Consumption
51
0.31 ± 0.12
0.33 ± 0.08
0.25 ± 0.45
Pleasure
10
0.35 ± 0.10
0.35 ± 0.08
0.23 ± 0.48
Number of small ruminants in farms
<10
45
0.41 ± 0.13
0.02
0.33 ± 0.07
0.05
0.15 ± 0.36
0.70
10–30
131
0.35 ± 0.12
0.31 ± 0.07
0.10 ± 0.32
>30
24
0.36 ± 0.14
0.35 ± 0.08
0.13 ± 0.35
Health personnel
Yes
7
0.59 ± 0.17
0.04
0.29 ± 0.30
0.68
0.37 ± 0.20
0.92
No
193
0.55 ± 0.19
0.28 ± 0.30
0.37 ± 0.22
Hygiene level
Own
48
0.35 ± 0.12
0.33
0.33 ± 0.09
0.57
0.23 ± 0.46
0.03
Very clean
8
0.37 ± 0.13
0.33 ± 0.07
0.08 ± 0.28
Dirty
134
0.33 ± 0.15
0.32 ± 0.07
0
Very dirty
10
0.42 ± 0.11
0.35 ± 0.08
0.13 ± 0.35
Power supply mode
Grazing
180
0.37 ± 0.13
0.52
0.32 ± 0.07
0.05
0.09 ± 0.30
0.004∗
Zero grazing
20
0.35 ± 0.13
0.35 ± 0.08
0.32 ± 0.33
Values in a column with “” differ significantly at ;N = number of respondents; SD: standard deviation.
