A Spontaneous Wireless Ad Hoc Trusted Neighbor Network Creation Protocol

Table 1

Qualitative comparison of related work protocols and our proposal.

	[16]	[17]	[18]	[19]	[20]	[21]	[22]	[13]	[23]	Proposal
IoTs	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Cloud network	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Call to network goes to a web server connected to IP cloud	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Mobile network	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Spontaneous wireless ad hoc networks	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Create network	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Manages network	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Create resources	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Share secure data	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Share services and resources	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Offer secure services	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Developed prototype	Yes	Yes	Java (J2ME) with KVM	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Real deployment	No	No	Mobile Nokia E65	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Devices with limited resources	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Heterogeneous systems (different devices)	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Communities with low resources	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Device with unique identity	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Community with unique group identity	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Simulation	Castalia/OPNET	Castalia	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	Castalia
Neighbor discovery phase	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Neighbor threshold	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Neighbor card list	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Identity card	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Public-private key pair	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Certificate signed by private key	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Identity card exchange	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Summary function hash	Yes	Sha-1	Sha-1	Yes	Yes	SHA-1	SHA-1	SHA-1	SHA-1	No
Local repository of public key certificates and trust values	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Minimal user interaction (user-friendly application)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Users not experts	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Authentication phase	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Preauthentication phase	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Trust established by a user	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Trust established automatically	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Preauthentication user decides trust level	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Trust chain	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ranges of trust	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Only two trust levels	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Changing trust values	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Trust modifiable based on behavior	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
Can also stop trusting	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Public keys obtained through network of trust	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Distributed administration service through trusted network	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Public key infrastructure	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Each node acts as client/server	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Nodes join and leave network at will at any time	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
First node creates and sets up the network	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Internet access to all nodes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Share many Internet services	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Collaborate within Intranet/Internet	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Distributed networks	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Central administration	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Independent networks	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Self-configured network	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Trust value based on human relations	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Devices similar behavior to human relationships	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Predistribution key algorithm	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
Symmetric key encryption	No	AES	AES	AES	Yes	AES	Yes	AES	AES	No
Asymmetric key encryption	No	RSA/ECC	RSA/ECC	Yes	Yes	RSA/ECC	Yes	RSA	RSA/ECC	No
Cryptography suitable for low-power devices	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Session key	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Distributed CA (each node CA)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Distributed name service	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
The CA for a node any of the trusted nodes	YES	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Trust relationship can be asymmetric	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No
Trust based on physical proximity (first visual contact)	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Unique IP address assignment	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Detect existence of duplicated IP addresses	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No
Addresses obtained dynamically	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Authenticate using IP addresses	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Authentication exchanging keys	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Authorization exchanging keys	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Key management	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Initial exchange of data/keys	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Exchange secret keys to encrypt data	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Each node requests services from its trusted nodes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No
Groups work in a collaborative way for the network maintenance	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Just one node is required to be connected to the Internet	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
More than one node can be connected to provide Internet access	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Connection shared if one user has Internet connection	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Access to the WWW if one user has Internet connection	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Best nodes carry out communications through the Internet	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No
Services shared using TCP connections	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
TCP/IP protocols	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Network built using IEEE 802.11b/g	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
Authentication through Bluetooth or ZigBee	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Based on social networks	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Intrusion detection technique	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No
Caching technique to avoid overload of the nodes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No