Performance of the DBS Satellite Receiver under the Impact of Rainfall and Terrestrial Interference

Table 1

Relevant prior work summarizing.

Ref.	Frequency band	Weather condition	Sharing criteria	Shared systems	Remarks
[8]	>10 GHz	Rainy (Mediterranean region)	CNIR	BSS and FS	It presents a model for CNIR prediction of a BSS downlink interfered by an adjacent FS. It focuses on the additional outage time caused by rain fading on the wanted satellite slant path and the interfering terrestrial path.
[9]	3.8 GHz	Clear sky	INR	5G and FSS	It estimates the protection distance to satisfy the protection criterion between the FSS and the 5G system with relation to elevation angle and antenna pattern.
[10]	3.4–4.2 GHz	Clear sky	INR and the maximum tolerable interference	5G and FSS	It presents the impact of out-of-band emissions and potential low-noise block (LNB) saturation at the FSS Earth station receiver and the consequences of the deployment of active antenna systems in the terrestrial FS.
[11]	17.7–19.7 GHz	Clear sky	INR	FSS and FS	Various sensing and avoidance schemes have been proposed for allowing the coexistence of FSS downlink with the terrestrial FS links.
[12]	3.5 GHz	Clear sky	INR	FSS and small cell FS	It estimates the protection distances required to protect FSS Earth stations from the FS for the case when small cells are deployed indoor and outdoor.
[13]	17.7–19.7 GHz	Clear sky	CNIR	FSS and (BSS and FS)	Spectrum databases for BSS and FS systems have been used to estimate CNIR based on a cognitive basis to increase the overall throughput.
[14]	17.3 to 17.7 GHz	Clear sky	The maximum tolerable interference	FSS and (FS and BSS)	Interference from BSS and FS is estimated using real databases and propagation models using correct terrain profiles. Some operational challenges are also discussed.
[15]	18.8–19.7 GHz	Clear sky	INR	GSO network and terrestrial network	It estimates the minimum separation distances between the geostationary satellite Earth station and the terrestrial FS in the worst case.
[16]	17.3–18.4 GHz	Clear sky	INR	FSS and BSS	It studies the effect of the elevation angle on the sharing between the BSS and FSS Earth stations with/without shielding in FSS/BSS terminals. The sharing is highly feasible with proper protection zones around stations.
[17]	2.185 GHz	Clear sky	CIR	MSS and MS	It estimates sharing between the mobile satellite service (MSS) system and the mobile service (MS) system. Sharing is hardly feasible in a cochannel frequency and colocated situations.
[18]	3.4–4.2 GHz	Clear sky	INR	FSS NWs and IMT2000	It investigates the sharing between the FSS networks (with low and high density of deployment) and IMT 2000.
[4]	21.4–22 GHz	Rainy (tropical region)	CNIR and INR	DBS and FS	It investigates the sharing between the DBS and FS services with the rain attenuation link budget. It is found that the denser the clutter area, the lower the interference introduced to the wanted system.
[7]	21.4–22 GHz	Rainy (semiarid region)	CIR	DBS and FS	It investigates the sharing between the DBS and FS services for rain rate exceedance of 0.01% only. The protection distance between the systems can be affected by changing the height of DBS ES.
This paper	21.4–22 GHz	Rainy (semi-arid region) various rain rate exceedance probabilities	CNIR	DBS and FS	It investigates the sharing between the DBS and FS services with various precipitation unavailability percentages which have high probabilities to happen especially in the semiarid regions. Various off-axis angles are employed.