A Novel Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol Using Bilinear Pairings for the VANET Environment

Table 7

Communication cost comparisons between the related research and our protocol.

Protocols	Vehicle authentication	Message authentication
Wang and Yao [20]	181 bytes	352 bytes
Islam et al. [21]	324 bytes	388 bytes
Ahamed et al. [29]	108 bytes	288 bytes
The proposed	120 bytes	300 bytes