Rotated Black Hole: A New Heuristic Optimization for Reducing Localization Error of WSN in 3D Terrain

Algorithm 1

The rotated black hole algorithm.

Initialization: , , , , , ;

randomly initial the position of population and calculate the function value: , ;

   = inf;

whiledo

   ;

   ;

   whiledo

     ifthen

       Update according to Eq (3) and ;

     end

     else

       Update according to Eq (5) and ;

     end

     ifthen

        = ;

        = ;

     end

     if The distance between and smaller than then

       Initial and compute

     end

   end

end