Research Article
Rotated Black Hole: A New Heuristic Optimization for Reducing Localization Error of WSN in 3D Terrain
Table 1
Simulation results of CEC 2013 benchmark functions.
| | Algorithms | GA | WOA | PSO | ABC | MSA | BH | RBH |
| | 1.70+05 | 3.25+03 | -1.02+03 | 2.76+04 | 1.81+05 | 2.97+04 | 6.74+03 | | 6.52+09 | 2.04+08 | 4.73+07 | 8.19+08 | 6.93+09 | 3.58+08 | 3.06+08 | | 2.73+20 | 1.75+11 | 5.80+10 | 2.19+15 | 4.10+21 | 3.20+12 | 1.15+11 | | 1.11+06 | 1.01+05 | 7.12+04 | 1.01+05 | 1.48+07 | 9.48+04 | 1.48+05 | | 1.04+05 | 6.15+02 | -8.03+02 | 1.05+04 | 1.16+05 | 2.09+03 | 1.24+03 | | 3.56+04 | -2.14+02 | -7.04+02 | 3.22+03 | 3.59+04 | 1.25+03 | -1.26+02 | | 7.89+06 | 1.84+03 | -4.00+02 | 1.94+04 | 2.35+07 | 1.70+02 | -5.60+02 | | -6.79+02 | -6.79+02 | -6.79+02 | -6.79+02 | -6.78+02 | -6.79+02 | -6.79+02 | | -5.18+02 | -5.27+02 | -5.27+02 | -5.28+02 | -5.12+02 | -5.28+02 | -5.33+02 | | 2.63+04 | 8.64+02 | -2.58+02 | 4.39+03 | 2.98+04 | 3.48+03 | 1.46+03 | | 2.35+03 | 4.65+02 | 3.35+02 | 3.76+02 | 2.58+03 | 4.41+02 | 2.72+02 | | 2.26+03 | 7.72+02 | 4.96+02 | 5.31+02 | 2.35+03 | 6.05+02 | 4.77+02 | | 2.31+03 | 9.01+02 | 8.34+02 | 6.37+02 | 2.50+03 | 7.35+02 | 6.07+02 | | 1.73+04 | 1.14+04 | 1.08+04 | 1.01+04 | 1.77+04 | 1.36+04 | 9.91+03 | | 1.65+04 | 1.30+04 | 1.28+04 | 1.48+04 | 1.83+04 | 1.39+04 | 1.45+04 | | 2.05+02 | 2.03+02 | 2.03+02 | 2.04+02 | 2.09+02 | 2.03+02 | 2.04+02 | | 5.72+03 | 1.51+03 | 1.48+03 | 1.31+03 | 6.07+03 | 1.36+03 | 1.31+03 | | 5.82+03 | 1.62+03 | 1.55+03 | 1.51+03 | 6.03+03 | 1.46+03 | 1.44+03 | | 2.83+07 | 2.15+03 | 1.10+03 | 5.49+05 | 3.44+07 | 4.74+04 | 3.44+03 | | 6.25+02 | 6.25+02 | 6.25+02 | 6.25+02 | 6.25+02 | 6.25+02 | 6.24+02 | | 1.34+04 | 3.84+03 | 1.73+03 | 5.26+03 | 1.37+04 | 4.53+03 | 3.72+03 | | 1.93+04 | 1.43+04 | 1.43+04 | 1.20+04 | 1.94+04 | 1.61+04 | 1.30+04 | | 1.84+04 | 1.52+04 | 1.52+04 | 1.67+04 | 1.98+04 | 1.65+04 | 1.56+04 | | 2.15+03 | 1.42+03 | 1.53+03 | 1.40+03 | 2.36+03 | 1.58+03 | 1.40+03 | | 1.80+03 | 1.55+03 | 1.67+03 | 1.52+03 | 1.82+03 | 1.68+03 | 1.52+03 | | 1.84+03 | 1.67+03 | 1.67+03 | 1.67+03 | 1.90+03 | 1.67+03 | 1.67+03 | | 5.16+03 | 3.67+03 | 4.03+03 | 3.55+03 | 5.30+03 | 3.93+03 | 3.46+03 | | 1.73+04 | 1.04+04 | 1.01+04 | 9.09+03 | 1.95+04 | 9.85+03 | 4.13+03 |
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