A Novel Modified Sparrow Search Algorithm with Application in Side Lobe Level Reduction of Linear Antenna Array

Table 10

Optimized excitation amplitudes and maximum SLL of 24-element LAA by different algorithms.

Algorithm	Optimized excitation amplitudes (normalized)	Maximum SLL (dB)
Conv.	1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000	-13.2091
PSO	1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 0.8662, 0.8594, 0.7821, 0.6890, 0.5893, 0.6749, 0.3137, 0.6220, 0.4351	-23.1375
PSOGSA	1.0000, 0.9935, 0.9955, 0.7775, 0.9685, 0.7646, 0.7109, 0.5132, 0.5868, 0.4886, 0.5056, 0.4786	-23.3338
WOA	1.0000, 0.7820, 0.9905, 0.8429, 0.7500, 0.6529, 0.8972, 0.3259, 0.4892, 0.6179, 0.5064, 0.3145	-22.4755
GOA	1.0000, 1.0000, 0.9309, 0.7734, 0.7215, 0.9042, 0.7314, 0.4799, 0.6497, 0.3279, 0.6973, 0.2235	-22.1484
MTDE	1.0000, 0.8970, 0.8728, 0.8554, 0.7775, 0.7191, 0.7041, 0.6090, 0.4789, 0.4453, 0.3361, 0.6153	-23.7130
SSA	1.0000, 0.9598, 0.8152, 0.8919, 0.8345, 0.6096, 0.7762, 0.6822, 0.3127, 0.6130, 0.4044, 0.4461	-22.9933
MSSA	1.0000, 0.9979, 0.9066, 0.9165, 0.8683, 0.7488, 0.6761, 0.5852, 0.5815, 0.3026, 0.6685, 0.3467	-24.0121