A Novel Modified Sparrow Search Algorithm with Application in Side Lobe Level Reduction of Linear Antenna Array

Table 7

Optimized element positions and maximum SLL of 24-element LAA by different algorithms.

Algorithm	Optimized element positions ()	Maximum SLL (dB)
Conv.	0.2500, 0.7500, 1.2500, 1.7500, 2.2500, 2.7500, 3.2500, 3.7500, 4.2500, 4.7500, 5.2500, 5.7500	-13.2091
PSO	0.2500, 0.5328, 0.9972, 1.2560, 1.7894, 2.1072, 2.5783, 3.0281, 3.5374, 4.2919, 5.0668, 5.7500	-20.8858
PSOGSA	0.2500, 0.4890, 1.0882, 1.2757, 1.7539, 2.0904, 2.6058, 3.1024, 3.5855, 4.2269, 4.9847, 5.7500	-22.8001
WOA	0.2500, 0.4275, 1.0262, 1.3683, 1.7913, 2.4037, 3.1937, 3.2078, 3.9114, 4.2607, 5.0305, 5.7500	-17.7594
GOA	0.2500, 0.6940, 1.1051, 1.2948, 1.8599, 2.3254, 2.8115, 3.2905, 3.9984, 4.4875, 5.1074, 5.7500	-18.9762
MTDE	0.2500, 0.5035, 0.9885, 1.2737, 1.7304, 2.1064, 2.5789, 3.0315, 3.5594, 4.2334, 4.9549, 5.7500	-23.3117
SSA	0.2500, 0.5314, 0.9701, 1.2658, 1.7411, 2.1524, 2.6184, 3.0450, 3.5985, 4.2726, 4.9465, 5.7500	-23.1409
MSSA	0.2500, 0.4950, 0.9690, 1.2760, 1.7106, 2.1075, 2.5880, 3.0307, 3.5357, 4.2088, 4.9494, 5.7500	-24.0249