Energy Efficiency Maximization in the Wireless-Powered Backscatter Communication Networks with DF Relaying

Algorithm 1

Iterative optimization algorithm for solving problem P3.

1: Initialize the parameter

2: Divide the problem P3 into two subproblems by relaxing variable and , respectively.

3: Solve problem P3a to obtain and solve problem P3b to obtain .

4: Calculate by use of (29).

5: Let , , and

6: ifthen

7:  Let , and

8:  Calculate and

9:  Update

10:  whiledo

11:   

12:   Calculate

13:   Let = max

14:   Update

15:   Calculate

16:  end while

17: else

18:  Let , and

19: end if

20: Then , , .