Design and Implementation of Ledger-Based Points Transfer System for IoT Devices in LPWAN

Table 1

Comparison of wireless communication technologies.

Technology	Frequency	Transmission rate	Transmission distance	Maximum support nodes	Power consumption (AA battery)
LoRa	150 MHz-1 GHz	0.3-50 kbps	15 km	200000	About 10 years
NB-IoT	Operator bands	<100 kbps	10-15 km	200000	About 10 years
ZigBee	2.4 GHz	<250 kbps	10-75 m	65000	About 2 years
Bluetooth	2.4 GHz	<1 mbps	20-200 m	7	Weeks
Wi-Fi	2.4/5 GHz	<54 mbps	20-200 m	2007	Hours