Narrow-Band Radio Propagation Prediction Based on a Highly Accurate Three-Dimensional Railway Environment Model

Table 1

Electromagnetic parameters of the objects in the railway environment.

Objects	Complex permittivity
Vegetation	18.17-6.66
Concrete	5.31-0.59
Water	78.81-3.75
Soil	6.15-0.64
Metal
Cutting slopes	8.09-1.51