IRS Backscatter-Assisted Security Transmission against Proactive Eavesdropping

Algorithm 1

Beamforming and phase matrix design.

Input:, ,

Output:,

Repeat:

   Obtain the beamforming vector ;

   For fixed , obtain the optimal in (34);

   Recover rank-1 approximation solutions ;

   For fixed , obtain the optimal in (38);

   Set ;

   If :

      Break;