A Larger Capacity Data Hiding Scheme Based on DNN

Table 3

The comparison between the proposed scheme and the latest DNN-based scheme in terms of PSNR and SSIM.

Schemes		Hidden image	Extracted image
Baluja [13]	PSNR (Max^1)	36.7	35.75
	SSIM (Max)	0.96	0.955
Rehman et al. [14]	PSNR (Ave^1)	32.5	34.7571
	SSIM (Ave)	0.9371	0.93
Li et al. [20]	PSNR (Ave)	42.3	38.45
	SSIM (Ave)	0.987	0.953
Chen et al. [22]	PSNR (Max)	37.35	31.38
	SSIM (Max)	—	—
Duan et al. [28]	PSNR (Max)	42.6631	42.8779
	SSIM (Max)	0.9861	0.9850
Proposed	PSNR (Ave)	43.8073	37.2380
	SSIM (Ave)	0.9852	0.9437

¹Max was the maximum value (the average value not given) listed in the scheme. ²Ave was the average value given in the scheme.