Connectivity of Drones in FANETs Using Biologically Inspired Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) through Machine Learning

Algorithm 1 Pseudo code for the proposed solution.

	Proposed DA algorithm using machine learning
(1)	Initialize the random position of drones (flying nodes)
(2)	Initialize the communication range and step size for all drone
(3)	for iteration 1 to max
(4)	Compute the position values of all the drones based on mobility
(5)	Determine the nodes in the communication range of each nodes
(6)	Determine learning stack to the isolated nodes
(7)	Compute the neighboring solution
(8)	Compute the network parameters by Equations (1) to Equation (4)
(9)	Update the position values
(10)	Update the neighboring solution
(11)	Update learning solution
(12)	if (a drone has at least one neighboring drone)
(13)	Learn velocity vector by Equation (5)
(14)	Learn position vector by Equation (6)
(15)	else
(16)	Declare the node as isolated
(17)	Calculate the isolated drones
(18)	Update position of isolated drone by flying randomly by Equation (7)
(19)	Update the neighboring connectivity by Equation (8) to Equation (10)
(20)	end if
(21)	Check and correct the new positions by Equation (12)
(22)	end for
(23)	Determine average network connectivity based on the isolated node count