Robust Downlink Transmission for 6G LEO-MIMO Satellite Systems

Algorithm 1

Adaptive DFO estimation and compensation algorithm.

1: Initialize data counter , , ,

2: whiledo.

3: Input: receive the signal .

4: First-stage estimation and compensation.

5:

6: ifthen

7: , calculate and .

8: ifthen

9: Connect interface E1 to interface B1 and connect interface E2 to interface B2.

10: else ifthen

11: Connect interface E1 to interface B1 and connect interface E2 to interface A2.

12: else

13: Connect interface E1 to interface A1.

14: end if

15: store the historical data of first-stage and maintain the interface E connection.

16: end if

17: Second-stage estimation and compensation.

18: Third-stage estimation and compensation.

19: Return to step

20: end while