| Teaching phases | Teaching activity | Modalities | Alleviated reading anxiety |
| Prereading | Warming up | Auditory modality: audio, music, etc.; visual modality: text, video, images, animation, posters, etc.; linguistic modality: spoken language: tone, accent tone, etc.; written language shown on the PPT and text-material. Gestural modality: gestures, movements, expressions, etc.; spatial modality: classroom layout. | Affective factor Cultural background Text understanding Teaching mode | While reading | Fast reading | Cultural background Learning method and habit Text understanding Teaching mode | Careful reading | Group work (mind map) | Postreading | Summary: summarize key points and difficulties; assign homework | Auditory modality: audio, music, etc.; visual modality: text, video, images, tables, animations, posters, etc.; linguistic modality: spoken language: tone, accent tone, etc.; written language shown on the PPT and text-material | Affective factor Teaching mode | Text understanding Teaching mode |
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