An AOA and Orientation Angle-Based Localization Algorithm for Passive RFID Tag Array

Table 1

Comparison of localization systems.

Localization system	Hardware cost	Mean accuracy
LANDMARC [7]	4 off-the-shelf reader antennas, 1 commercial RFID reader	1~2 m
Azzouzi et al. [24]	3 custom antenna arrays, 1 commercial RFID reader	0.21 m
Povalac [25]	1 custom RFID front-end prototype, 1 commercial RFID reader	0.14 m
Peng et al. [26]	8 cost RFID readers, 2 commercial RFID readers	0.38 m
This paper	3 COST RFID antennas, 1 commercial reader	0.21 m