A Novel Identity-Based Mutual Authentication Scheme for Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks

Table 2

Security comparison.

Scheme	Replay attack	Man-in-the-middle attack	Anonymity	Forgery attack	Traceability	Nonrepudiation	Key escrow
GISI [6]	√	√	√	√	√	×	×
ACPN [7]	√	×	√	√	√	√	×
PPDAS [19]	√	√	√	√	√	×	×
VGKM [31]	√	√	√	√	√	×	×
RA [21]	√	√	√	√	√	×	×
ANEL [32]	√	√	√	√	√	√	×
P^2-SHARP [33]	√	√	√	×	√	×	/
Our scheme	√	√	√	√	√	√	√