FusionTC: Encrypted App Traffic Classification Using Decision-Level Multimodal Fusion Learning of Flow Sequence

Table 2

Comparison with the baseline approaches.

Apps	Deep FP			LSTM FP			AppScanner			ET-BERT			FusionTC
	Prec.	Recall		Prec.	Recall		Prec.	Recall		Prec.	Recall		Prec.	Recall
Baidu Search	0.852	0.877	0.864	0.724	0.774	0.748	0.913	0.869	0.890	0.992	1.000	0.996	0.963	0.966	0.964
Ivwen	0.336	0.501	0.402	0.300	0.464	0.365	0.532	0.751	0.623	0.848	0.975	0.907	0.810	0.758	0.783
Suning Ebuy	0.725	0.660	0.691	0.442	0.575	0.499	0.753	0.746	0.749	0.956	0.908	0.932	0.920	0.927	0.923
Zhihu	0.665	0.708	0.686	0.578	0.645	0.610	0.797	0.887	0.840	0.943	0.825	0.880	0.935	0.923	0.929
CloudMusic	0.689	0.833	0.754	0.601	0.685	0.641	0.836	0.894	0.864	0.967	0.992	0.979	0.932	0.920	0.926
Sohu News	0.821	0.771	0.795	0.573	0.751	0.650	0.940	0.867	0.902	0.912	0.867	0.889	0.963	0.955	0.959
Kmxs reader	0.447	0.559	0.497	0.114	0.275	0.161	0.597	0.806	0.686	0.754	0.842	0.795	0.885	0.860	0.873
Taobao trip	0.551	0.660	0.601	0.519	0.597	0.555	0.729	0.785	0.756	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.846	0.844	0.845
Meituan	0.746	0.826	0.784	0.592	0.637	0.614	0.756	0.931	0.834	0.886	0.908	0.897	0.976	0.933	0.954
EastMoney	0.732	0.806	0.767	0.720	0.406	0.519	0.833	0.789	0.811	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.936	0.962	0.948
58	0.837	0.748	0.790	0.754	0.730	0.742	0.874	0.814	0.843	0.810	0.675	0.736	0.920	0.939	0.929
Baidu Map	0.878	0.885	0.881	0.887	0.691	0.777	0.924	0.909	0.916	0.933	0.817	0.871	0.965	0.958	0.962
Autohome	0.717	0.738	0.728	0.213	0.383	0.274	0.613	0.858	0.715	0.921	0.975	0.947	0.920	0.946	0.933
Vipshop	0.752	0.880	0.811	0.688	0.622	0.653	0.866	0.914	0.889	0.855	0.933	0.892	0.976	0.949	0.962
Ximalaya	0.787	0.632	0.701	0.658	0.560	0.605	0.854	0.782	0.817	0.776	0.808	0.792	0.885	0.911	0.898
Macro avg	0.702	0.739	0.717	0.558	0.586	0.561	0.788	0.840	0.809	0.904	0.902	0.901	0.922	0.917	0.919
Accuracy	0.762			0.633			0.850			0.902			0.934