Gut Microbiome: An Intersection between Human Genome, Diet, and Epigenetics

Figure 5

Relationship between gene variants, diet, normal health conditions, and the gut microbiota. (a) The gene variants interact with the gut microbiota to induce dysbiosis that results in the development of both autoimmune diseases and nonautoimmune diseases. (b) Also, microbial metabolites are generated when the diet interacts with the gut microbiota. These microbial metabolites can cause several epigenetic changes that can be crucial in the development of cancer or its treatment. (c) Under normal health conditions, the gut microbiota is in homeostasis with the human body, and directly or indirectly, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system in protecting it against invading pathogens, through several layers of anticolonization factors.