Advancing Pandemic Preparedness in Healthcare 5.0: A Survey of Federated Learning Applications

Table 4

Existing pandemic preparedness mechanisms.

Mechanism	Strengths	Limitations
Surveillance systems	Early detection of outbreaks	Limited coverage and timeliness
Vaccination programs	Effective in reducing disease spread	Limited availability and production capacity
Healthcare infrastructure	Adequate treatment facilities	Overwhelmed during large-scale pandemics
Quarantine measures	Containment of infected individuals	Compliance challenges and economic impact
Contact tracing	Identification of exposed individuals	Relies on accurate and timely reporting
Stockpiling medical supplies	Quick response to outbreaks	Limited shelf life and availability of specific items