|
Study | Year | Techniques | Evaluation metric |
|
[153] | 2023 | DeepVision transformers | Accuracy, precision |
[154] | 2023 | 8-Layer CNN | Accuracy |
[155] | 2023 | K-nearest neighbors (KNN) | Accuracy |
[150] | 2023 | Deep learning (DL) combined with CNN and RNN | Accuracy |
[147] | 2023 | DNN | Accuracy with mAP@.5 |
[146] | 2022 | CNN | Accuracy |
[144] | 2022 | SVM | Accuracy |
[143] | 2022 | Inaudible acoustic signal to estimate channel information and capture the sign language in real time | Accuracy |
[156] | 2022 | CNN | Accuracy |
[157] | 2022 | CNN, DCGAN | Accuracy |
[141] | 2021 | SVM | Accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score |
[158] | 2021 | CNN | Accuracy |
[159] | 2021 | 3DCNN | Accuracy |
[160] | 2021 | CNN, RNN | Accuracy |
[137] | 2020 | ISL parser, Hamburg notation system, signing gesture markup language, 3D avatar | BLEU score, accuracy |
[138] | 2020 | CNN | Word recognition rate |
[127] | 2020 | Long short-term memory (LSTM) | Accuracy |
[128] | 2020 | AutoML, transfer learning | Precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy |
[129] | 2020 | MobileNet and ResNet | Accuracy |
[133] | 2020 | MobileNet | Accuracy |
[132] | 2020 | MobileNet-V3 | Accuracy |
[120] | 2020 | Artificial neural networks (ANNs) | Accuracy |
[102] | 2019 | State-of-the-art pose estimation method | Accuracy |
[110] | 2019 | CNN | Accuracy |
[105] | 2019 | Simple classification algorithms from machine learning | Accuracy |
[103] | 2019 | SVM | Accuracy, precision, recall, F measure |
[104] | 2019 | SVM | Accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 measure |
[109] | 2019 | Elliptical Fourier descriptor and LSTM | Training time, testing time, accuracy |
[119] | 2019 | AdaBoost, multilayer perceptron, Naïve Bayes, random forest, SVM, dynamic feature selection and voting | Accuracy |
[91] | 2019 | CNN, LSTM, and connectionist temporal classification (CTC) | Accuracy, WER |
[101] | 2019 | MIT invertor | Accuracy |
[90] | 2019 | LSTM and CTC | Accuracy, WER |
[87] | 2019 | OpenPose, hidden Markov model | Accuracy |
[115] | 2019 | Gesture recognition algorithm of talking hands | Accuracy |
[74] | 2018 | Flex sensor with Arduino | Accuracy |
[70] | 2018 | CNN | Accuracy |
[84] | 2018 | CNN | Accuracy, recognition time |
[82] | 2018 | Naïve Bayes, multilayer perceptron (MLP) | Accuracy, F1 score |
[75] | 2018 | KNN | Accuracy, recognition time |
[79] | 2018 | ANN | Word matching score (WMS) |
[83] | 2018 | ANN, minimum distance classifier | WMS |
[60] | 2017 | Neural network | N.A |
[62] | 2017 | Principle component analysis | Accuracy |
[66] | 2017 | Word matching score (WMS) and ANN | WMS |
[56] | 2017 | SVM, Naïve Bayes, random forest | Accuracy, F1 score |
[57] | 2017 | Binarized neural network, LSTM | Detection ration (DR), reliability ration (RR), WER |
[2] | 2017 | KNN, SVM linear, radial basis function SVM, random forest | F measure, ROC, accuracy |
[67] | 2017 | Discrete-time warping | Accuracy |
[61] | 2017 | Arduino | N.A |
[50] | 2016 | SVM | Accuracy |
[49] | 2016 | Backpropagation neural network | Accuracy |
[45] | 2016 | Dynamic time warping | Recognition time, extensibility, recognition time (accuracy) |
[52] | 2016 | Euclidean, normalized Euclidian, and Mahalanobis distance | WMS |
[51] | 2016 | Optical character recognition, Microsoft Arabic Toolkit Service (ATKS), named entity recognizer (NER) | Recognition time, usability |
[41] | 2015 | Neural networks (NNs) with log-sigmoid, NN with symmetric Elliott, and SVM | Accuracy, classification time, memory usage, battery consumption |
[42] | 2015 | Microcontroller | Accuracy |
[39] | 2015 | Flex sensors, inertial sensors | Sensitivity, accuracy |
[37] | 2015 | KNN classification. The time needed by the system to recognize a single sign is between 6 frames per second (FPS) and 20 FPS. | Accuracy |
[40] | 2015 | Arduino | Accuracy, error rate |
[28] | 2014 | Recognition algorithm using histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) | Recognition rate, processing time |
[33] | 2014 | Principle component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction and Euclidean distance for classification | Accuracy |
[26] | 2012 | Sign modeling language (SML), animation engine | N.A |
|