The Economical <svg style="vertical-align:-4.53427pt;width:232.325px;" id="M1" height="21.6875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 232.325 21.6875" width="232.325" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,15.975)"><path id="x1D446" d="M457 488l-30 -3q-17 148 -131 148q-53 0 -84.5 -34.5t-31.5 -82.5q0 -42 25.5 -72t74.5 -62l33 -22q63 -42 95 -85t32 -102q0 -84 -67 -137t-163 -53q-58 0 -113 22t-70 43l-4 152l27 4q4 -32 15 -62.5t31 -59.5t53.5 -47t76.5 -18q56 0 92 35t36 96q0 39 -25 70t-78 68
l-31 22q-32 23 -53.5 41.5t-45 57t-23.5 77.5q0 82 58 132.5t156 50.5q46 0 101 -17l18.5 -6t17 -6t8.5 -3q-4 -55 0 -147z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,10.822,15.975)"><path id="x1D448" d="M751 650l-6 -28q-53 -1 -69 -12.5t-24 -38.5q-23 -85 -43 -192l-13 -69q-34 -181 -130 -262q-79 -65 -185 -65t-171 57q-87 77 -54 258l42 232q12 58 0.5 73t-75.5 19l8 28h263l-6 -28q-63 -5 -78 -18t-26 -74l-41 -226q-25 -135 22 -201t139 -66q99 0 161.5 68t91.5 217
l11 57q28 149 28 193q0 28 -19 38t-79 12l6 28h247z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,27.926,15.975)"><path id="x28" d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,35.682,15.975)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,46.442,15.975)"><path id="x29" d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,54.2,21.363)"><path id="x1D436" d="M682 629q-1 -16 -1.5 -72t-2.5 -86l-31 -4q-5 92 -51 129t-139 37q-100 0 -177 -49t-116 -125t-39 -162q0 -122 66 -201t182 -79q83 0 137 42.5t112 128.5l26 -15q-12 -31 -42.5 -88t-45.5 -75q-139 -27 -199 -27q-148 0 -243 81.5t-95 226.5q0 173 129.5 274.5
t325.5 101.5q114 0 204 -38z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,70.862,15.975)"><path id="x2297" d="M573 255q0 -114 -81.5 -194.5t-197.5 -80.5t-197.5 80.5t-81.5 194.5t81.5 194.5t197.5 80.5t197.5 -80.5t81.5 -194.5zM521 255q0 81 -49 143l-141 -144l141 -143q49 63 49 144zM436 436q-63 50 -142 50t-142 -50l142 -145zM257 254l-141 144q-49 -62 -49 -143t49 -144z
M435 74l-141 143l-141 -143q63 -50 141 -50t141 50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,88.997,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x1D446" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,99.757,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x1D448" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,116.861,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x28" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,124.617,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,135.376,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x29" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,143.138,21.363)"><path id="x1D43F" d="M559 163q-23 -66 -68 -163h-474l6 26q62 4 79.5 19.5t28.5 75.5l78 409q7 35 8.5 49t-8 25t-24 13t-51.5 5l5 28h266l-6 -28q-65 -5 -79.5 -18t-25.5 -74l-76 -406q-10 -57 14 -75q12 -13 96 -13q93 0 126 29q41 40 76 109z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,157.7,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x2297" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,175.835,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x1D448" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,192.938,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x28" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,200.694,15.975)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,211.454,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x29" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,219.212,21.363)"><path id="x1D44B" d="M775 650l-6 -28q-60 -6 -81.5 -16t-61.5 -54l-175 -191l125 -243q30 -58 48.5 -71t82.5 -19l-5 -28h-275l7 28l35 4q31 4 37 12t-6 34l-108 216q-140 -165 -177 -219q-16 -22 -10.5 -30.5t41.5 -13.5l22 -3l-7 -28h-244l8 28q52 4 75 15.5t67 52.5q48 46 206 231
l-110 215q-26 51 -44 63t-72 17l6 28h250l-6 -28l-27 -4q-30 -5 -35 -10t3 -27q17 -43 95 -190q70 78 154 185q15 21 10 29.5t-33 12.5l-30 4l5 28h236z" /></g></svg> Model

<table>Feynman
diagram for <svg height="16.637501" id="M529" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 188.77499 16.637501" width="188.77499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜈</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑖</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.45,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜈</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.18,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑖</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.32,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">→</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.217112" y="0">𝜈</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.82,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-15.39,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝜈</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.12,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">𝑗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.52,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">𝑖</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.215431" y="0">≠</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.943485" y="0">𝑗</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.282986" y="0">=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.323376" y="0">𝑒</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.887211" y="0">,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.10096" y="0">𝜇</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.715286" y="0">,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.916534" y="0">𝜏</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.318069" y="0">)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>.</table>

Advances in High Energy Physics

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: The Economical <svg style="vertical-align:-4.53427pt;width:232.325px;" id="M1" height="21.6875" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 232.325 21.6875" width="232.325" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,15.975)"><path id="x1D446" d="M457 488l-30 -3q-17 148 -131 148q-53 0 -84.5 -34.5t-31.5 -82.5q0 -42 25.5 -72t74.5 -62l33 -22q63 -42 95 -85t32 -102q0 -84 -67 -137t-163 -53q-58 0 -113 22t-70 43l-4 152l27 4q4 -32 15 -62.5t31 -59.5t53.5 -47t76.5 -18q56 0 92 35t36 96q0 39 -25 70t-78 68
l-31 22q-32 23 -53.5 41.5t-45 57t-23.5 77.5q0 82 58 132.5t156 50.5q46 0 101 -17l18.5 -6t17 -6t8.5 -3q-4 -55 0 -147z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,10.822,15.975)"><path id="x1D448" d="M751 650l-6 -28q-53 -1 -69 -12.5t-24 -38.5q-23 -85 -43 -192l-13 -69q-34 -181 -130 -262q-79 -65 -185 -65t-171 57q-87 77 -54 258l42 232q12 58 0.5 73t-75.5 19l8 28h263l-6 -28q-63 -5 -78 -18t-26 -74l-41 -226q-25 -135 22 -201t139 -66q99 0 161.5 68t91.5 217
l11 57q28 149 28 193q0 28 -19 38t-79 12l6 28h247z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,27.926,15.975)"><path id="x28" d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,35.682,15.975)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,46.442,15.975)"><path id="x29" d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,54.2,21.363)"><path id="x1D436" d="M682 629q-1 -16 -1.5 -72t-2.5 -86l-31 -4q-5 92 -51 129t-139 37q-100 0 -177 -49t-116 -125t-39 -162q0 -122 66 -201t182 -79q83 0 137 42.5t112 128.5l26 -15q-12 -31 -42.5 -88t-45.5 -75q-139 -27 -199 -27q-148 0 -243 81.5t-95 226.5q0 173 129.5 274.5
t325.5 101.5q114 0 204 -38z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,70.862,15.975)"><path id="x2297" d="M573 255q0 -114 -81.5 -194.5t-197.5 -80.5t-197.5 80.5t-81.5 194.5t81.5 194.5t197.5 80.5t197.5 -80.5t81.5 -194.5zM521 255q0 81 -49 143l-141 -144l141 -143q49 63 49 144zM436 436q-63 50 -142 50t-142 -50l142 -145zM257 254l-141 144q-49 -62 -49 -143t49 -144z
M435 74l-141 143l-141 -143q63 -50 141 -50t141 50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,88.997,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x1D446" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,99.757,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x1D448" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,116.861,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x28" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,124.617,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x33" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,135.376,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x29" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,143.138,21.363)"><path id="x1D43F" d="M559 163q-23 -66 -68 -163h-474l6 26q62 4 79.5 19.5t28.5 75.5l78 409q7 35 8.5 49t-8 25t-24 13t-51.5 5l5 28h266l-6 -28q-65 -5 -79.5 -18t-25.5 -74l-76 -406q-10 -57 14 -75q12 -13 96 -13q93 0 126 29q41 40 76 109z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,157.7,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x2297" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,175.835,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x1D448" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,192.938,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x28" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,200.694,15.975)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,211.454,15.975)"><use xlink:href="#x29" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,219.212,21.363)"><path id="x1D44B" d="M775 650l-6 -28q-60 -6 -81.5 -16t-61.5 -54l-175 -191l125 -243q30 -58 48.5 -71t82.5 -19l-5 -28h-275l7 28l35 4q31 4 37 12t-6 34l-108 216q-140 -165 -177 -219q-16 -22 -10.5 -30.5t41.5 -13.5l22 -3l-7 -28h-244l8 28q52 4 75 15.5t67 52.5q48 46 206 231
l-110 215q-26 51 -44 63t-72 17l6 28h250l-6 -28l-27 -4q-30 -5 -35 -10t3 -27q17 -43 95 -190q70 78 154 185q15 21 10 29.5t-33 12.5l-30 4l5 28h236z" /></g></svg> Model 

Advances in High Energy Physics

The Economical Model

Figure 4