Earth-Skimming Ultrahigh Energy Tau Neutrinos Simulated with Monte Carlo Method and CONEX Code

<div>Number of tau leptons (emerging with black color and decaying with red color) as function of the rock length for two values of tau neutrino energies <svg height="11.7978pt" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 36.1399 11.7978" width="36.1399pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.48,-5.741)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.912,-5.741)"><path d="M253 635C142 635 71 555 71 471C71 401 113 353 178 316C144 294 106 267 91 252C70 231 46 202 46 157C46 51 132 -12 241 -12C328 -12 442 52 442 168C442 257 379 305 311 343C354 373 380 398 388 407C406 428 417 458 417 487C417 568 348 635 253 635ZM240 600C288 600 340 563 340 481C340 423 313 387 279 360C207 394 148 427 148 499C148 549 182 600 240 600ZM252 23C188 23 129 73 129 163C129 217 162 266 211 298C289 260 360 217 360 144C360 69 312 23 252 23Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.875,0)"><path d="M380 106C343 72 306 56 265 56C195 56 116 112 115 248C235 252 361 262 377 265C396 269 400 277 400 297C400 374 333 449 250 449H249C198 449 144 421 103 376S37 269 37 201C37 88 109 -12 232 -12C263 -12 332 6 395 84L380 106ZM225 412C281 412 315 364 314 312C314 297 308 292 290 292C232 290 176 289 120 289C135 370 180 412 225 412Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.8,0)"><path d="M687 650H462V622C543 612 549 605 530 547C498 447 422 252 372 126H370C302 298 229 492 204 563C188 607 191 615 262 622V650H17V622C77 616 93 608 122 534C180 389 262 172 329 -11H360C436 196 541 450 568 516C606 605 619 614 687 622V650Z"></path></g></svg> and <svg height="11.7978pt" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 36.1399 11.7978" width="36.1399pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.24,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.48,-5.741)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.912,-5.741)"><path d="M247 635C116 635 39 518 39 421C39 315 113 237 221 237C239 237 258 241 281 253L349 289C315 140 204 42 60 19L66 -15C90 -15 153 -5 207 16C344 70 447 199 447 385C447 521 373 635 247 635ZM231 598C329 598 356 478 356 390C356 371 355 347 352 325C330 309 297 297 262 297C179 297 127 369 127 456C127 515 156 598 231 598Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.875,0)"><path d="M380 106C343 72 306 56 265 56C195 56 116 112 115 248C235 252 361 262 377 265C396 269 400 277 400 297C400 374 333 449 250 449H249C198 449 144 421 103 376S37 269 37 201C37 88 109 -12 232 -12C263 -12 332 6 395 84L380 106ZM225 412C281 412 315 364 314 312C314 297 308 292 290 292C232 290 176 289 120 289C135 370 180 412 225 412Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.8,0)"><path d="M687 650H462V622C543 612 549 605 530 547C498 447 422 252 372 126H370C302 298 229 492 204 563C188 607 191 615 262 622V650H17V622C77 616 93 608 122 534C180 389 262 172 329 -11H360C436 196 541 450 568 516C606 605 619 614 687 622V650Z"></path></g></svg> for different values of the valley widths (3, 5, and 8 kms)</div>

Advances in High Energy Physics

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Earth-Skimming Ultrahigh Energy Tau Neutrinos Simulated with Monte Carlo Method and CONEX Code 