Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus Extract Affects Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Response, and Energy Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Table 5

Plasma biological and immunological parameters of M. salmoides fed diets supplemented with different levels of AME.

	Con	AME0.1	AME0.2	AME0.3	AME0.4	AME0.5	AME0.6	Regression
								Linear	Quadratic
AST^a (U L^−1)	12.01 ± 1.24^a	9.40 ± 1.76^ab	10.80 ± 1.14^ab	7.73 ± 1.48^ab	6.56 ± 0.71^ab	5.70 ± 0.99^b	6.05 ± 0.96^b	0.001	0.001
ALT^b (U L^−1)	7.33 ± 1.22^a	3.48 ± 0.84^ab	4.87 ± 1.37^ab	2.73 ± 0.55^ab	2.62 ± 0.95^ab	1.82 ± 0.40^b	4.49 ± 1.49^ab	0.047	0.007
AKP^c (U L^−1)	602.14 ± 30.08	679.84 ± 55.25	721.37 ± 24.42	718.02 ± 17.84	716.23 ± 45.42	695.92 ± 25.40	701.94 ± 21.85	0.083	0.021
ACP^d (U L^−1)	651.73 ± 27.70	718.98 ± 56.63	799.24 ± 52.94	746.38 ± 37.16	640.94 ± 43.76	603.58 ± 47.52	633.47 ± 29.09	0.109	0.046
TG^e (mmol L^−1)	5.18 ± 0.52^a	4.24 ± 0.47^ab	4.07 ± 0.17^ab	5.01 ± 0.18^a	4.44 ± 0.08^ab	4.59 ± 0.19^ab	3.49 ± 0.27^b	0.064	0.145
T-CHO^f (mmol L^−1)	11.14 ± 0.28	10.82 ± 0.81	10.85 ± 0.96	11.30 ± 0.83	10.41 ± 0.37	11.42 ± 0.47	10.26 ± 0.21	0.557	0.792
GLU^g (mmol L^−1)	10.42 ± 0.38^a	7.67 ± 1.09^ab	7.02 ± 0.97^ab	5.88 ± 0.27^b	5.59 ± 0.38^b	5.31 ± 0.45^b	6.50 ± 1.12^ab	0.002	0.001

Values are means ± SEM of three replications. Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (). ^aAST, aspartate aminotransferase; ^bALT, alanine aminotransferase; ^cAKP, alkaline phosphatase; ^dACP, acid phosphatase; ^eTG, triglyceride; ^fT-CHO, total cholesterol; ^gGLU, glucose.