Aquaculture Research

Research Article

The Effects of Different Levels of Potassium Diformate and Calcium Diformate on Growth, Digestion Enzyme Activity, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Flora, Stress Markers, and Some Serum Biochemical Analytes in Juvenile Beluga Huso huso

Table 1

Growth performance of Huso huso fed feed supplemented with different levels of potassium diformate and calcium diformate for 60 days.


Parameters	Groups	Day 30	Day 60

Initial weight (IW)	Control	31.3 ± 7.8^a	144.4 ± 3.28^b
	Potassium diformate 0.1	33.1 ± 9.2^a	156.0 ± 9.2^ab
	Potassium diformate 0.15	35.5 ± 9.7^a	170.0 ± 9.17^a
	Potassium diformate 0.2	33.2 ± 9.4^a	146.2 ± 9.34^b
	Calcium diformate 0.1	33.3 ± 5.4^a	143.1 ± 5.14^b
	Calcium diformate 0.15	33.3 ± 0.1^a	141.2 ± 5.2^b
	Calcium diformate 0.2	32.1 ± 5.2^a	145.2 ± 8.12^b

Final weight(FW)	Control	144.4 ± 3.28^b	310.6 ± 33.24^b
	Potassium diformate 0.1	156.0 ± 9.2^ab	318.2 ± 87.2^ab
	Potassium diformate 0.15	170.0 ± 9.17^a	357.3 ± 3.57^a
	Potassium diformate 0.2	146.2 ± 9.34^b	326.5 ± 21.84^ab
	Calcium diformate 0.1	143.1 ± 5.14^b	316.6 ± 38.54^ab
	Calcium diformate 0.15	141.2 ± 5.2^b	324.4 ± 18.82^ab
	Calcium diformate 0.2	145.2 ± 8.12^b	311.7 ± 5.92^b

Condition factor (CF)	Control	0.44 ± 0.04^a	0.43 ± 0.4^a
	Potassium diformate 0.1	0.41 ± 0.04^a	0.47 ± 0.04^a
	Potassium diformate 0.15	0.43 ± 0.17^a	0.46 ± 0.17^a
	Potassium diformate 0.2	0.41 ± 0.1^a	0.47 ± 0.1^a
	Calcium diformate 0.1	0.41 ± 0.05^a	0.47 ± 0.05^a
	Calcium diformate 0.15	0.40 ± 0.09^a	0.44 ± 0.09^a
	Calcium diformate 0.2	0.41 ± 0.1^a	0.45 ± 0.1^a

Specific growth rate (SGR)	Control	5.05 ± 0.51^c	2.55 ± 0.09^d
	Potassium diformate 0.1	5.2 ± 0.31^a	2.36 ± 0.14^g
	Potassium diformate 0.15	5.24 ± 0.25^a	2.47 ± 0.05^f
	Potassium diformate 0.2	4.94 ± 0.11^e	2.66 ± 0.17^b
	Calcium diformate 0.1	4.98 ± 0.18^d	2.63 ± 0.08^c
	Calcium diformate 0.15	4.87 ± 0.91^f	2.75 ± 0.15^a
	Calcium diformate 0.2	5.01 ± 0.38^d	2.53 ± 0.12^e

Feed conversion ratio (FCR)	Control	1.32 ± 0.01^b	1.89 ± 0.24^b
	Potassium diformate 0.1	1.23 ± 0.02^c	1.94 ± 0.01^a
	Potassium diformate 0.15	1.18 ± 0.03^d	1.85 ± 0.05^d
	Potassium diformate 0.2	1.32 ± 0.01^b	1.84 ± 0.03^e
	Calcium diformate 0.1	1.36 ± 0.04^a	1.87 ± 0.02^c
	Calcium diformate 0.15	1.34 ± 0.04^a	1.8 ± 0.05^f
	Calcium diformate 0.2	1.3 ± 0.07^b	1.89 ± 0.04^b

Protein efficiency ratio (PER)	Control	1.73 ± 0.41^c	1.44 ± 0.16^d
	Potassium diformate 0.1	1.85 ± 0.18^b	1.38 ± 0.01^e
	Potassium diformate 0.15	1.93 ± 0.03^a	1.57 ± 0.13^b
	Potassium diformate 0.2	1.72 ± 0.03^c	1.54 ± 0.17^b
	Calcium diformate 0.1	1.68 ± 0.02^c	1.49 ± 0.18^c
	Calcium diformate 0.15	1.7 ± 0.3^c	1.59 ± 0.17^a
	Calcium diformate 0.2	1.74 ± 0.13^c	1.44 ± 0.12^d

Daily weight gain (DWG)	Control	3.71 ± 0.22^d	5.55 ± 0.39^d
	Potassium diformate 0.1	4.13 ± 0.18^b	5.4 ± 0.24^e
	Potassium diformate 0.15	4.49 ± 0.13^a	6.24 ± 1.32^a
	Potassium diformate 0.2	3.78 ± 0.21^c	5.98 ± 1.07^c
	Calcium diformate 0.1	3.71 ± 0.22^d	5.76 ± 0.18^c
	Calcium diformate 0.15	3.63 ± 0.16^e	6.07 ± 0.23^b
	Calcium diformate 0.2	3.78 ± 0.21^c	5.53 ± 0.72^d

Different lowercase letters in each column indicate significant differences between the values (). Data were expressed as means ± SEM.