Minimally Invasive Techniques to Accelerate the Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies

Table 7

Use of low intensity pulsed ultrasound and mechanical vibrations to accelerate tooth movement in animals.

Author	Sample	LIPUS and vibration specification	Duration	Results	Movement in experimental group	Movement in control group
Xue et al. [45]	48 rats; divided into 6 groups	Frequency 1.5-MHz; intensity 30 mW/cm^2	Burst of 200 µs followed by pause of 800 µs 20 min/day for 14 days	55%, 36%, and 45% acceleration in tooth movement on days 5, 7, and 14, respectively	1118 µm ± not given	773 ± not given
Al-Daghreer et al. [46]	10 beagle dogs; Split mouth design	Frequency 1.5 MHz; intensity 30 mW/cm^2	200 μs; 20 min/day for; 4 weeks	No significant difference in the amount of tooth movement	0.79 mm ± 0.17	0.6 mm ± 0.21
AlSayagh and Salman [50]	14 rabbits divided into 2 groups ()	Frequency 113 Hz	1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19 days (9 sessions of 10 min each in 22 days)	Acceleration in orthodontic tooth movement	3.73 mm ± 0.24	3.11 mm ± 0.07